Technology: Higher Education

Technology Taking Over The person of the 21st century has the luxury of being dependent on technology, allowing for certain weaknesses to sprout out of individuals due to their lack of natural abilities. Technology is the making, modification, use, and knowledge of tools, machines, or techniques, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, or perform a specific function. It’s true; technology has made life more efficient and reliable. Many great inventions have been possible through technology.Technology is also one of the causes of people becoming lazier, uninspired, and less creative. Technology is not bad in and of itself, but people are misusing it. Planes, trains, and automobiles carry people from place to place at high speeds. Telephones, television and computer networks help people communicate with others across the world. Medical technologies from vaccines to Stem Cell therapy, allow people to live longer, healthier lives. Although most people think technology made life easier, it’s actually making them overly dependent on those technologies.Today’s generation is becoming much lazier because they are too dependent on the latest gadgets. Some of them are unable to do things on their own. Nowadays, people use computers in business, public services, education, and most of all, in entertainment. There are many advantages to this situation. Firstly, computer controlled cars, planes or ships all people to travel safely and reduce travel time. However, a disadvantage to this is that all of these affect our environment in some way or another which eventually ends up harming ourselves.Faster travel times have led to easier dispersal of airborne viruses and diseases between locales, as well as increases in jet lag. Jumping from time zone to time zone can have a detrimental effect on the body. Most powerful countries depend on their industrial power to stabilize their status. Technology made indust rial development increase rapidly. Industries depend more on machines than human power. This newly discovered robotic technology makes human workers obsolete in some factories. Robots have been built to do tasks equally the same or better as humans, leaving them jobless.Robotics are a blessing and a curse to a company. While it’s nice to have a machine do everything, it can lead to issues down the road as customers notice the quality may not be the same as the quality they experienced from human hands. Another major con to robotics is that companies still need employees to manage the machines. When a problem happens, the machine will continue to run instead of stopping and â€Å"thinking† of what needs to be done in order to fix the problem. This is why companies still need to have skilled and qualified employees to run the machines before they cause them to lose millions of dollars.Also, today’s society is based upon quick sound bites and short attention spans. The world is at our fingertips, yet paradoxically, the more we connect, the more we actually disconnect. The internet has taken over, dominating our lives. The internet is an easy access for information from around the world that can be attained within seconds. There are many interactive applications on the internet that can bring distant people closer together without having to commute. Also, shopping has become more convenient. The disadvantage of the internet is that it has become too reliable for most people.People can get â€Å"hooked† on the internet. Some people may take advantage of all these things and scam others for their money, as it is that simple to create a legit seeming website. Despite it’s ease, technology has caused people to become so reliant that, in a poll by CNET, 28 percent of people said they wouldn’t be able to live without high-speed internet. Many people don’t know how to look up information in libraries or encyclopedias. Thou gh technology has allowed us to improve and modify traditional tasks, it has also clouded our realization of the dependency we have on it.America’s education level has become an average ranking. Education has developed into a network of many avenues that now allows the average American to obtain education easier. Higher education has branched out from the traditional university into online degrees, trade schools, and junior colleges. Obtaining a high school education has also advanced : high school students can take AP courses and high school dropouts can get a GED. With all these opportunities, why is it that America ranked as average in the international education ratings?The number of options available has caused our country to have no ambition to excel. Other countries have less options and freedoms which may be the motivation that allows them to achieve higher education rankings than the U. S. Many people are pointing to technology as a cause of childhood obesity. The yo unger generation has lost it’s curious nature to explore the world. Instead, children are hiding behind a TV screen or video game. For adults, the accused culprits are different yet the same, for example people spending more time driving and less time walking or biking to reach their destinations.Technology doesn’t just keep people in their chairs, it changes the way people eat. Obesity in children has increased by thirty percent in the past thirty years in America according to the Center for Disease Control and prevention. Obesity leads to many health problems including, diabetes, arthritis, cancer, respiratory problem, and cardio-vascular disease. The public is carried in street cars; elevators take the place of stairs in our larger buildings, and the necessary activity of the energetic is not directed in the use of muscles needed in running and walking.It is becoming noticeable that people are slowly losing those abilities and letting machines or computers do the wo rk for them. People are no longer required to think. If posed with a difficult or even simple problem people will simply â€Å"Google† it on an iPhone and the answer is found within seconds. Students are also becoming too dependent on calculators. Instead of using a graphing calculator to solve complex mathematical formulas, students turn to calculators for even simple calculations.Though calculators are important in an evolving world, it is still important for teachers to teach students how to do mental math and reasoning (Metz). Scholars, particularly teen scholars, are no longer required to spell correctly. Words like tomorrow, tonight, and before, become 2morrow, 2night and b4 in playful texting conversation. Spell check is also contributing to the downfall of spelling. Too often, people type a word sloppily into a web document and let spell check do the work without even noticing the word was misspelled.We are living in a society which is called â€Å"technologically ci vilized†. Every small work we do is technology dependent. Today every other person is recognized with the device or gadget, he or she carries. Ultimately we can say that, â€Å"living without technology is like living without air†, in this technical world of today. In conclusion, we can use technology but with moderation. If we use it, firstly we should have to check if we can do that action without it. If we are ever in a situation where technology is not present, we will find it difficult to resolve the situation.

Methods And Impacts Of Water Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is the individual most deciding factor of dwellers of any land, both measure and quality of life is determined by the sum of free H2O in being in or on the land. Water in Utah comes from three chief beginnings ; land H2O, springs and artesian Wellss, and surface H2O. Although H2O from some beginnings is clean plenty to imbibe straight, in order to make Utah H2O quality ordinances the H2O must be treated. Water that is used by Utah occupants can be captured and reused, nevertheless, it does come at a cost, and it might be merely excessively much for some to pay for. Water preservation makes it so that our supplies of H2O go farther. There are many different degrees of preservation possible through landscape gardening, residential and commercial patterns. By increasing the consciousness of H2O use, we can diminish the impact that is caused to our H2O system. If Utah occupants continue to utilize H2O as they do today, we will be in a drouth by the twelvemonth 2050. Without farther instruction and better advertisement and publicity of H2O preservation, our future coevalss will endure.Background of Water ConservationEarly Utah in 1847 Mormon colonists made rough dikes. The Salt Lake Valley was a desert so they needed to water in order to have H2O for their harvests. The primary H2O the early colonists received was from the Jordan River and canyon watercourses. Water jurisprudence started so when the colonists came to Utah ( Bowden P. 1 ) Water jurisprudence was called, â€Å" anterior appropriation † and gave permission for the first individual in clip to utilize the H2O foremost and back in clip to utilize it 2nd, etcetera. The H2O jurisprudence besides stated, â€Å" utilize it or lose it † , intending that if you do non utilize the H2O right in order that you were say to so you lost your privilege and had to reapply for H2O rights ( Bowden, p. 1-2, ) . This shows that even back when the province was originally settled there was demand for H2O preservation and for the H2O system to be organized. There is a big diverseness of rainfall over the province ; some topographic points receive every bit small as 5 inches and some every bit much as 60 inches yearly. Although we are the 2nd driest province in the United States, we have the 2nd best H2O use per individual in the US. Utah largely uses snowmelt to H2O and feed our fresh H2O systems that we have made to administer the H2O. Utah has an advanced and well-used irrigation system and Utah has figured out ways of hive awaying the H2O for later use through our dikes, reservoirs, and H2O armored combat vehicles ( The History of Utah Water, 2007 ) .Attempts to Reduce the ImpactConservationIn the article Why Conserve? ( 2012 ) it is stated that, â€Å" If Utahns can cut down per-capita ingestion of H2O by 25 % by 2050, they will conserve the equivalent of over 500,000 acre-feet of H2O per twelvemonth. That is more H2O than can be held in Jordanelle Reservoir and Deer Creek Reservoir combined, and more than any H2O undertaking in Ut ah has developed † Projections from Why Conserve? besides province that by the twelvemonth 2050 if Utah continues to utilize H2O at the rate we do, and if population growing continues to tendency like it has, Utah ‘s peak H2O use season will max out our H2O resources and do a drouth. As the population in Utah continues to turn, it is projected that by the twelvemonth 2050, Utah will max out its H2O resources ensuing in a drouth. By devouring 25 % less H2O, Utahns could salvage over 500,000 acre-feet of H2O per twelvemonth. For an illustration of how much H2O this is, combine the Waterss held in Jordanelle and Deer Creek Reservoirs. Using that much less H2O per twelvemonth will guarantee the handiness of H2O for old ages to come ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.conservewater.utah.gov/WhyConserve/ ) . A valuable manner to cut down the sum of H2O Utah abode usage is to roll up rainwater. Rainwater reaping is now, as of May 11th 2010, legal to reap ; nevertheless, a license must be obtained from the Division of Water Rights web page. There are a few restrictions in topographic point to do certain the H2O tabular array is adequately replenished ; merely one belowground 2500-gallon storage armored combat vehicle and two 100-gallon aboveground storage armored combat vehicles are allowed. The H2O collected can non be used for all family uses, but for smaller things like irrigating gardens and lawns, rinsing autos and other outdoor usage ( Jenkins, 2010 ) . Harmonizing to www.rules.utah.gov greywater is defined as, â€Å" untreated effluent, which has non come into contact with lavatory waste. Greywater includes effluent from bathing tub, showers, bathroom washbowls, apparels rinsing machines, wash bath, etc. , and does non include effluent from kitchen sinks, exposure lab sinks, dish washers, garage floor drains, or other risky chemicals † ( Rule R317-401, 2012 ) . A A A A A A Greywater is legal to capture and to utilize but the Torahs are really specific and rigorous on every facet of greywater. There are several pages of ordinance and authorizations on the particulars of the jurisprudence of greywater capturing. The storage armored combat vehicle has to be 250 gallons or more, the armored combat vehicle can be above land if it is placed on a four inch midst, sealed, leveled slab of cement. The armored combat vehicle has to be fitted with several valves, adjustments, pipes, and gages that all have to be accessible for review. The greywater can merely be used in belowground infiltration methods that have a batch of criterions and specifications to continue. Dirt that the H2O is used on has to let certain sums of H2O through at a specific rate and it must be off from many possible jeopardies like: watercourses, rivers, veggies in a garden can non come in direct contact, edifices, houses, H2O tabular array and more. In the terminal, it is non wor th the clip, fuss, or money to roll up greywater. ( Rule R317-401, 2012 ) .LandscapingLandscaping is one of the largest ingestions of H2O use. In Utah, most occupants use 60 % -70 % of their H2O on landscape gardening. During the winter months, H2O use is lower, but as spring and summer come around, H2O use can take a drastic addition. There are several methods that can be practiced to diminish the sum of H2O used on landscaping without enduring the peace and beauty that a garden can offer ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/ ) . In an interview conducted with Casey Finlinson, the Assistant Conservation Horticulturist at the Central Utah Water Conservancy District ( personal communicating, 10/05/2012 ) , he explained how there are so many different ways we can conserve H2O in our landscape gardening picks. Xeriscape is frequently a pick we can utilize to assist cut down usage of H2O. At the Central Utah Water Conservancy Gardens, they prefer to mention to xeriscape as H2O efficient landscaping. This is because when people hear the word xeriscape, they confuse it hearing â€Å" nothing † flower stalk, acquiring the thought that means holding a pace filled stones, cactus, soil and really small to no grass. Even though xeriscaping and H2O efficient landscaping mean the same thing, people prefer to hear the later and seem to better associate to the broad possibilities that are available. In a survey done by the American Water Works Association over a five twelvemonth period of clip, the overall costs of xeriscaping was compared to the traditional methods of caring for sod. Residents who participated found a 30 % nest eggs in H2O use, an overall lessening in care cost clip as compared to those who maintained traditional landscape gardening. The construct of xeriscaping provides a delighting expression to a place, while utilizing H2O resources efficaciously ( Sovocool, Morgan & A ; Bennett, 2006 ) . To be effectual with H2O efficient landscape gardening, there are seven stairss to follow. The first measure involves the planning and design of your pace. As one designs their pace, they can take what best fits their demands and involvements while paying attending to inside informations such as H2O, infinite and visible radiation demands for each works. Planning is indispensable when taking a H2O wise landscape. The following measure involves analysing your dirt. Different types of dirt usage H2O otherwise. A flaxen dirt is more like a screen, while a clay type dirt holds H2O in. Blending mulch with your dirt can assist equally administer the H2O and following irrigating guidelines specific to the dirt type can guarantee proper H2O use ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . Plant choice is step three. When sing the Central Utah Water Conservancy Gardens, one may pick up a booklet that lists all the workss that are turning in the garden. While walking through and acquiring thoughts, you can tag the box next to the works which you are interested in. Knowing what types of workss best suite the dirt and clime demands is of import. Choosing practical sizes for lawn countries and type of grass to utilize is step four ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . Once workss and grass are chosen, concentrating on how to H2O everything expeditiously is step five. There are assorted types of scattering systems and drip irrigating systems that can present H2O efficaciously to want topographic points. Knowing how frequently and how much H2O to utilize can assist workss develop a deep root system, giving them strength to last through times of drouth or utmost heat. Step six suggests utilizing about three inches of mulch around bushs and workss because this helps to maintain H2O from vaporizing while maintaining workss cool ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . The concluding measure of a H2O efficient landscape is to pattern proper pace attention. Regular care and pruning helps maintain workss healthy. Monitoring workss for disease and insects and detecting dirt conditions can cut down the emphasis on workss, guaranting their wellness and ability to use the H2O. With proper planning, seting and attention we are able to use our H2O resources more sagely ( hypertext transfer protocol: //centralutahgardens.org/7_steps.aspx ) . There are besides other methods which can be followed to continue our H2O supply. These illustrations come from the Mono Lake community. Mono Lake supplies Los Angeles, California with the bulk of its H2O. The lake was being depleted so rapidly to the point of about being dried up, attempts were enacted to refill the H2O supply and educate the community. Now the lake is keeping the same degree it was in 1970 despite the drastic growing of over 1 million people in the encompassing country. Puting lawn mower blades one notch higher, rinsing autos on the lawn, and non irrigating on overcast/rainy yearss can salvage an norm up to 1500 gallons of H2O each month. Even by brushing the private road alternatively of hosing it down can salvage more than 600 gallons a month. By doing little attempts to salvage a small H2O, the H2O beginnings communities draw from will be more capable of functioning us to run into our hereafter needs ( Mono Lake, 2012 ) .In Residential HomesWater preservation ma kes it so that our supplies of H2O go farther. Besides, when you use less H2O it makes for less work for the H2O intervention installations, which in bend makes it so that less energy is used. Conserving H2O besides saves energy. When a individual uses less hot H2O they save on H2O warming. There are so many good ways to conserve H2O around everybody ‘s house ( Mono Lake, 2012 ) .Conservation in the bathroomMake certain your lavatory is an ultra-low flower theoretical account, which uses merely one and a half gallons per flower. If you ‘re taking a shower, do n't blow cold H2O waiting for hot H2O to make the showerhead. Catch that H2O in a container to utilize on your outside workss or to blush your lavatory. Saves 200 – 300 gallons a month. Check lavatory for leaks. Put dye tablets or nutrient colouring into the armored combat vehicle. If colour appears in the bowl without blushing, there ‘s a leak that should be repaired. Saves 400 gallons a month. Turn off the H2O while brushing your dentitions. Saves three gallons each twenty-four hours. Turn off the H2O while shaving. Fill the underside of the sink with a few inches of H2O to rinse your razor. Saves three gallons each twenty-four hours.Conservation in the kitchenIf you wash dishes by manus – and that ‘s the best manner – do n't go forth the H2O running for rinsing. If you have two sinks, make full one with rinse H2O. If you merely have one sink, utilize a spray device or short blasts alternatively of allowing the H2O tally. Saves 200 – 500 gallons a month. When rinsing dishes by manus, use the least sum of detergent possible. This minimizes rinse H2O needed. Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Keep a bottle of imbibing H2O in the icebox. This beats the uneconomical wont of running tap H2O to chill it for imbibing. Saves 200 – 300 gallons a month. Do n't deice frozen nutrients with running H2O. Either program in front by puting frozen points in the icebox overnight or deice them in the microwave. Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Do n't allow the spigots run while you clean veggies. Rinse them in a filled sink or pan. Saves 150 – 250 gallons a month. Use the refuse disposal less and the refuse more ( even better – compost! ) Saves 50 – 150 gallons a month. Mono Lake, 2012 A batch of people believe that taking a shower alternatively of a bath conserves H2O, even many H2O and energy environmentalists frequently say this. This is non needfully true, it truly depends on what sort of showerhead is being used. Other factors include if there is a â€Å" flow restrictor † in the showerhead and how long you shower. Most places that were built before 1992 do non hold a flow restrictor in the showerhead and if there is non one in the showerhead â€Å" opportunities are your showerheads put out about five gallons of H2O per minute ( gpm ) † ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . If a showerhead does set out five gallons per minute so you would clock five by the figure of proceedingss you shower and that would be the sum of H2O being sent down the drain. On norm it takes 30-50 gallons of H2O to make full a bathing tub. Therefore, if a individual takes the mean 15 minute shower with an old showerhead it would be 75 gallons of H2O traveling down the drain. The showerheads with flow restrictors in them use about half the H2O of the old showerheads, hence, that same 15 minute shower with a flow restrictor would merely be 37.5 gallons traveling down the drain ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . However, harmonizing to the Department of Energy â€Å" list the mean shower as devouring 12 gallons, † must be with the flow restrictor, â€Å" and the mean bath merely nine gallons of H2O ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . I tested this nine gallon theory by mensurating out nine gallons of H2O into my bathing tub. I so measured how many inches this was and it was merely 2.25 inches high in my bath. This is non a sensible sum of H2O to take a bath in. Peoples from the Consumer Report say that 20 gallons for a bath is more sensible [ aˆÂ ¦ ] and that it is of import to hold a clip bound for showers and to utilize a â€Å" low-flow † showerhead ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . A individual can prove to see the sum of H2O they use in a shower or a bath. They can stop up the bath when they shower and after they are done lavishing they can see how much H2O is in the bath. If this is more than they would utilize for a bath than they may be better off taking a bath, if it is less than they would utilize for a bath so it would do sense, preservation wise, for them to go on taking showers ( Consumer energy, 2012 ) . Low-flow showerheads are available that use merely 1.5 gallons of H2O per minute, every bit good as â€Å" shower timers † , although it has been said that the shower timers are non every bit conserving as the low-flow showerheads. The shower timers are more of a â€Å" behavioural tool † for people to utilize so that they may alter how they shower and push them toward preservation ( Consumer studies, 2012 ) . A twosome other preservation tips that one can make is to non shave in the shower and to turn the shower off while floging up. There are besides automatic spigots, automatic lavatories, and waterless urinals ( Yosemite, 2012 ) .Home versus commercial fixturesThe mean place bathroom spigot uses 2.2 gallons of H2O per minute, some low-flow place bathroom spigots can utilize every bit small as 1.5 gallons per minute ( Yosemite, 2012 ) . Commercial bathroom spigots have an mean set sum of half a gallon per minute when used with a half-gallon per minute aerator ( Yosem ite, 2012 ) . The mean lavatory that is non a low-flow lavatory uses about 4.5 gallons per flower, whereas the low-flow lavatories can utilize merely 1.6 gallons per flower ( Tampa gov. , 2012 ) . This is the best manner to conserve H2O through your lavatory. However, another manner to conserve through lavatories is to put in a â€Å" retrofitting flushometer † which is a tankless lavatory ( Tampa gov. , 2012 ) .Impacts of Water UsageWhere is imbibing H2O for Utah coming from?Utah ‘s H2O comes from several topographic points. The municipal H2O beginnings include groundwater, natural springs and artesian Wellss, and surface H2O. These beginnings of H2O are replenished largely by snowpack and the remainder by the other signifiers of precipitation. There are 18 municipal providers of H2O to Utah and 12 hydrologic basins which feed into these providers. Of the 951,901 acre-feet of H2O used in 2005, approximately 60 % was drinkable H2O and 40 % was non-potable H2O used by industry ( Munici pal and Industrial Water Supply and Use Studies, 2009 ) .How is Our Water Used?Water is indispensable to all signifiers of life, non merely for worlds. It provides many maps in the organic structure, such as temperature ordinance, to transport substances, and besides as a lubricator for articulations, variety meats, and tissues ( Wardlaw & A ; Smith, 2012 ) . Water, particularly big organic structures of H2O such as lakes and oceans, plays a major function in the Earth ‘s ecosystem and affects the clime and conditions of parts ( National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [ NOAA ] , 2012 ) . Harmonizing to the National Climatic Data Center, the past 12 months ( October 2011-September 2012 ) have been Utah ‘s 11th driest twelvemonth since 1895. In one-year precipitation in the twentieth century, Utah averages merely 11.59 inches ( NOAA, 2012 ) . Fires, particularly wildfires, are a large concern in Utah since it is one of the driest provinces. Current twelvemonth to day of the month figures approximate that 420,000 estates have been burned by wildfires in Utah ( Year-to-date fires, 2012 ) . In add-on to other methods of contending these fires, aerial firefighting usage H2O from lakes and reservoirs to drop H2O bombs. Because of the demand to contend these fires, big H2O beginnings in Utah are really indispensable to snuff outing wildfires. Another importance of H2O to Utah is legion sums of organic structures of H2O which attract touristry, assisting to hike Utah ‘s economic system. Utah State Parks non merely have to concentrate on public safety for H2O diversion, but besides the protection of natural resources. The following amounts up the intents of the State Park ‘s Boating plan ( Boating instruction, n.d ) : Utah ‘s Boating Program aims to educate and inform boat operators about boating Torahs and regulations established to supply public safety and protect our natural resources on Utah ‘s waterways. Our attempts are funded through boat enrollment fees, province revenue enhancements on gasolene used in powerboats, and federal yachting safety grants. With an ever-increasing demand on Utah ‘s limited figure of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, leghorns must utilize their H2O diversion resources sagely. Harmonizing to Utah Foundation Research ( Making an oasis, 2002 ) , the largest H2O user in Utah is agribusiness, which accounts for 85 % of all H2O use. In Provo, Brigham Young University and Pacific States, a dramatis personae Fe pipe production works, are the largest users of H2O. Because of increased industrial and commercial H2O usage during the summer season, Provo metropolis has increased culinary H2O cost in order to promote H2O preservation. Those rates are at $ 0.884 per one 1000 gallons between the months of May and October. During other months, the rates are at $ 0.528 per one 1000 gallons. Ratess are increased during the summer season because H2O use is higher during that clip period due to agriculture and landscaping care. For a comparing of H2O use in summer months versus winter months in assorted communities, refer to Postpone A and Table B in the appendix. Since H2O is so cheap, an single household or place may non see a immense cost impact on their H2O measure if they conserve H2O. As such, places should concentrate more on the environmental impact instead than the fiscal impact of H2O preservation. ( T. Messick, personal communicating, October 16, 2012 ) .DecisionContinuing our H2O resources is necessary to prolonging life. In a study from Krumholz, Haugen and Lindquist ( 2005 ) , it is predicted by the United Nations Project that one out of three people in the universe will non hold adequate H2O to prolong life by the twelvemonth 2025. Some thoughts for continuing this critical resource include minimising pollution to fresh H2O beginnings and increasing the degree of consciousness among persons, groups and communities about the necessary demand to be aware of H2O use and saving. Some methods of H2O preservation include roll uping rain H2O, utilizing appropriate landscaping H2O methods, being mindful of how we use our H2O in our plac es and utilizing devices that help decrease the end product from H2O fixtures. As members of society take portion in cut downing the human impact that can take to H2O deficit, it will be easier to refill and keep the natural H2O beginnings we have available. AppendixTable A( Water rate constructions in Utah, 2005 )Table Bacillus( Water rate constructions in Utah, 2005 )

Analysis of Unethical issue in Apple's business Case Study

Analysis of Unethical issue in Apple's business - Case Study Example Two major unethical cases were with Pingzhou Electronics and Foxconn that have hired underage persons. Apple terminated its contract with Pingzhou on learning that management was aware of underage persons on the company payroll. Such actions point out that Apple has a long-standing commitment to ensure that all parties in its supply chain work in a healthy environment and that they are adequately compensated for their services. In Apple’s supply responsibility progress report for 2013, the company has stated that it has over 200 suppliers it deals with directly, majority of whom produce software with a few large ones producing hardware (Apple Inc., 2013). The company has been hit with claims of dealing with suppliers hence it came up with an idea of independently auditing its suppliers. To reduce the many cases of litigation and bad publicity, Apple decided not to deal with suppliers who employ minors or those who underpay workers. Apple said that companies employ minors since the minors do not have bargaining power and are likely to take up any amount of salary. On the case of Pingzhou, Apple entered into a contract with them to manufacture a standard circuit board for its devices. The supply chain lasted for a long time despite a number of audits done by Apple based on claims of the company employing underage employees and paying far too little to its workers. In the year 2012, Apple joined Fair L abour Association, a body that audits and makes public unethical behavior among manufacturer. Apple auditors together with FLA ones went to Pingzhou and found out the company has seventy-four minors on its wage bill, working under deplorable conditions. The company did not make attempts to make their working conditions better or call for the minors to be sent away from working is a fair manner; instead, Apple terminated the contract, absolving itself from any wrong doing. On its hand, Pingzhou had to single-handedly pay terminal dues for the minors. Most of

A Tale of Two Stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Metallica vs Megadeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Metallica vs Megadeth - Essay Example Cliff Burton was not around for long as in 1986 he passed on in a bus crash on the way to Copenhagen. This was just three years after they had released their first album titled â€Å"Kill Em All†. Currently the band members include; James Hetfield who is the lead vocals and rhythm guitarist, Lars Ulrich does the drums, Jason Newsted does the Bass guitar and Kirk Hammett does the lead guitar (Metallica, â€Å"Kill Em All†). Their first album being was â€Å"Metal up Your Ass† that was later renamed to â€Å"Kill Em All† in 1983. It was followed by â€Å"Ride the Lightning† that was released in 1984. In 1986 they released their third album that was named â€Å"Master of Puppets†. In 1988, they released â€Å"†¦And Justice for All†. The next year they had their debut of the album â€Å"Metallica†. 1996 saw the release of â€Å"Load† that was not wholly completed thus â€Å"Reload† was produced the following year and it sought to complete the album â€Å"Load†. Their eighth album was â€Å"Garage Inc.† that was released in 1998. The following years saw the release of â€Å"S&M† and in 2003; they hit their tenth album that was called â€Å"St. Anger†. It was followed by â€Å"Death Magnetic† that was released in 2008 and their concluding album was â€Å"Lulu† that was released in 2011 (Metallica, â€Å"Albums†). Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California that was formed in 1983 by Dave Mustaine after his departure from Metallica due to reasons of excessive drinking. Their members include; Dave Mustaine who is the lead vocalist and guitarist, Chris Broderick who does the guitar and backing vocals, David Ellefson who does bass and Shawn Drover who does the drums and percussion. Their first album was â€Å"Killing Is My Business†¦And Business Is Good† which was released in 1985 and it was the album that catapulted their career into the heavy metal music industry. In 1986 they released their second studio album by the name

China in metal industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China in metal industry - Essay Example of China’s metal industry was under the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) where the key SOEs worked under the policies of the central government and the local SOEs were under the influence of the provincial government. China’s membership in the WTO had posed several challenges for the country considering the weaknesses in comparison to other countries in the world. However the country depended on mergers and acquisitions of steel companies but doubts still persisted as to whether the country would be able to compete in the international market (Hu & Ping, n.d., pp.2-3). The Chinese metal industry has been found to violate several commitments of the WTO. Violating the norms, the Chinese industry has not stopped its ownership and control over the production of steel. This has been mostly achieved with the intervention of the government that plays a significant role in the decision making even after China joining the WTO. In fact after joining the WTO, the intervention of the government has increased contrary to the commitments of the WTO. Violations have also been observed in the treatment and providence of the SOEs (Metals and Mining Chinese Steel Industry, 2011). Slowdown of growth in the Chinese market may bring concerns over the demands of steel along with other products. The LME (London Metal Exchange) realizing the state of the China metal industry decided to spread out its warehouse set-up into China that it considers as the largest user of base metals together with copper. This has been thought to bring in benefits for both the Chinese industry as well as the LME (Sim & Li, 2012). China has proved to be a leading producer of rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum in the world and over the last two years the country has imposed strict taxes over the exports of these elements leading to price rises (Rare Earths, 2012). China is also the largest consumer of copper, aluminium, and zinc, in the world and plans to limit new aluminium merging base metal

American Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

American Politics - Essay Example Finally, bureaucracy refers to the characteristics which exist in the organization like inflexibility or red tape. During the 1930s Max Weber illustrated bureaucracy as the ideal method of managing government departments and agencies. Max Weber outlined five major principles which guide bureaucracy in an effective and efficient manner. The principles are; formal hierarchical structure, management by rules, specialization, purposely impersonal and competency based employment (Ehrenreich, 1999). Max Weber favors an official hierarchical structure. Each level of the organization controls the sublevels below it. Likewise, the organizational level is controlled by the level above it. This formal hierarchy is responsible for the centralized decision making in organizations. Management through rules ensures that organizational decisions made at the top levels are implemented consistently at lower organizational levels. Max Weber also illustrates specialization and division of labor as one of the principles. Staffs are divided into units, according to the competencies they possess, or the type of work. Purposely impersonal principle ensures that all organizational stakeholders are treated equally. For example, provision of goods or service of the same quality and quantity to all the customers, for equal value. The bureaucracy also ensures that people are employed according to the skills they possess (Woods, 1998). These five principles ensure effective and efficient service delivery in the bureaucracy. The official hierarchical structure ensures smooth decision making process in the organization. The top management is responsible for making strategic decisions, which is then communicated downwards for implementation. Management by rules ensures that all staffs work according to the planning objectives. Specialization increases the quality of service offered because, employees offer services only in the areas they have enough competencies in.

Reading assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading assignment - Essay Example In The Abolition of Man, C.S Lewis uses the example of The Green Book and its authors Gaius and Titius which is meant to provide English education for children (Lewis). Gaius and Titius basically created the following proposition, according to C.S. Lewis: â€Å"firstly, that all sentences containing a predicate of value are statements about the emotional state of the speaker, and secondly, that all such statements are unimportant†(Lewis). To Lewis, this is unacceptable and goes against the natural moral law as it teaches â€Å"the belief that all emotions aroused by local association are in themselves contrary to reason and contemptible†(Lewis). This means that a large part of the learning process in studying literature is being able to understand and interpret the emotions conveyed by the author of a piece. In turn, not being able to comprehend the emotional aspect or associating the emotions with something negative or of little merit, students are losing the lessons i n ethics, morals, and philosophy that often are interwoven with literature. By taking the emphasis off of this type of examination, the study of English and literature becomes much more scientific, clinical, and empty. Many of the important moral and philosophical lessons comes from literature and by threatening to take this aspect out of books or by placing less emphasis on it, the education system is not supporting the high morality that has existed in the Western hemisphere. Without this support, the moral and philosophical nature of the Western culture will further deteriorate and there will be a plethora of unreasonable citizens in its wake. C.S. Lewis continues his argument for natural moral law with providing evidence that society has lost objective truth and morality. According to Lewis: â€Å"Their skepticism about values is on the surface: it is for use on other peoples values; about the values current in their own set they are not

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 1 - SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MHE512 - Disaster Relief Module 1 - SLP - Essay Example (Atkins et al 2008) Political: Philippines has a fairly established democratic political system comprising of the executive, legislative and judicial branches. The chief executive is the President with departments governed by Cabinet secretaries. Since the year 2000 when the former president Joseph Estrada was impeached and removed from office, the country has suffered from several coups from the military and yearly impeachment of President Arroyo. She replaced Estrada after the ‘bloodless revolution’ and was later officially declared as the winner of the 2004 Presidential elections. (Benson, 2005) Muslims in the south fought for autonomy starting in the 1960s and pockets of resistance are still present even though peace agreements have been made. Several of these groups, most notably the Abu Sayyaf, are resorting to terrorist kidnapping activities of foreigners. The Communist Party which is currently in political asylum in The Netherlands still maintains a revolutionary army in the country. They are still operating within the mountainous areas. (CNDR/USAID, 2000) Economic: Agriculture is the major source of income but it has suffered from low productivity, insufficient infrastructure support and low economies of scale. Industrial production is now taking centre stage as electronics comprise two-thirds of export products. A Texas instruments operating in Baguio, one of its major cities, produces 100% of all the chips used in Nokia and 80% of those used in Ericsson. Toshiba laptops were also produced in Santa Rosa but the plant has been converted to produce HDD. The outsourcing industry is also growing as major U.S. call centers take advantage of the English-speaking proficient population. (Atkins et al, 2008) The country has also seen a large majority of its workforce going in other countries for employment and has led to the Overseas Filipino Workers Remittances economy. Typical destinations include the Middle East, China, Canada,

Statistics in Business Essay Example for Free

Statistics in Business Essay The purpose of this essay is to examine the purpose of statistics in business. Our text, Lind (2011) defines statistics as â€Å"The science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making more effective decisions† (p.5). Types and levels of statistics There are two major types of statistics, descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics is defined by Lind (2011) as â€Å"methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way† (p.6). An example of descriptive statistics would be a high school report showing that it had 300 graduates in 1990 and 450 graduates on 1991. The information that they provided described the amount of graduates that they had for each year. Inferential statistics is defined by Lind (2011) as â€Å"the methods used to estimate a property of a population on the basis of a sample† (p.7). If the same high school sent out a report showing the graduate numbers for 1999- the present to estimate the number of graduates that they would have for this school year, those statistics would be inferential because they are used to estimate future outcomes. There are four levels of statistical data: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The nominal level deals with qualitative variables such as colors and blood types that can only be counted and classified. Ordinal data measurement is a variable rating system that ranks data according to predetermined categories that have only relative values such as poor, average, and good. Data can be ranked and ordered using this method. Interval data measurement adds to the ordered level by adding the characteristic of a consistently measured differential. A thermometer is an interval measurement tool. Differences in degrees of temperature are consistent between the level intervals. The last level of statistics is ratio-level data; this is used for quantitative data recording. It builds upon the interval measurement by adding that â€Å"point 0 is meaningful and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful† (p.13). An  example of ratio level data would be weight. A scale is calibrated at â€Å"0† and is measured in increments of one pound or kilogram to determine a person’s weigh or the difference of weigh between two individuals or products. The role of statistics in business Statistics are the lifeline of a business. A business relies on good statistical data to determine its financial standing, projecting future sales and projects, and to provide the management team with information to make sound business decisions. When we look at statistics in the business world we are primarily concerned with their bearing on profits, investments, hours worked, and wages. The decision making process is made easier by analyzing data to determine the best course of action instead of taking uneducated risks. An example of the importance of statistics in business would be forecasting. We recently hired additional personnel based on historical data on first quarter sales and average call handle time of our phone staff. We took the archived data that showed how many calls were taken in our call center, the number of personnel on the phones, and the average time of each call. We used this historical information from the last three years to determine how many people we will need on the phones at any given time during first quarter. This data allowed us to be proactive in staffing and fund allocation to meet the needs of our customers and phone staff. Conclusion Statistics play a vital role in the business world. We are a smarter and more intuitive society of decision makers because of statistics. A business is more stable when the guess work is taken out of the equation and replaced with data analysis that produces sound business decisions and planning. References Lind, D., Marchal, W., Wathen, S. (2011). Basic statistics for business and economics (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Leadership Organisational Performance And Emotional Intelligence Management Essay

Leadership Organisational Performance And Emotional Intelligence Management Essay Introduction to the Problem The difficulty in studying concepts such as leadership, organisational performance, emotional intelligence and the interrelations between the three constructs, is that these terms are hard to define, describe, and to measure systematically. The disagreement among theorists concerning the definitions of these variables has led to further controversy about research design and instrumentation and to exacerbate this situation, there appears to be few gains being made to improve our understanding of these important concepts. Leadership is a difficult concept to fully appreciate and understand. Burns (1978) comments that Leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth (p. 19). This statement appears to be just as true and accurate today as it was when Burns made it. Since Burns made this powerful statement, the interest in understanding leadership and its consequences has intensified. While the term leadership has existed for centuries and has been most commo nly associated with the military, the emergence of manager, as a leader, is a relatively new phenomenon. Because of the perceived and actual influence of managers and their importance to globalisation, prosperity, and economic growth, interest in this new leader has been and continues to be intense. There are hundreds of studies that tend to popularise and evaluate managers to a level that seems unattainable by most. Yet for all of the books, articles, and studies available on leadership and the managers, who lead, there is very little known about the attitudes, behaviours and characteristics that engender effective manager performance. Even sparser is the information that tries to tie the leadership style of the managers with their emotional intelligence on the performance of the organisation. When the substantial body of leadership literature is reviewed there appears to be two clear distinctions made by the scholars. One body of work focuses on the internal dispositions or characteristics of the leaders while the second is concerned with the behaviours and activities of the same leaders. However, the connection between these two distinct views is not always clear or easy to understand. The current study was undertaken in an effort to address some of the gaps in empirical research and to apply the results of transformational leadership in one of public listed automotive manufacturing companies, EPMB in Malaysia where there is a dearth of such information available for manufacturing industry. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to examine the relationship between a managers score on transformational leadership with the performance of the organisation; (2) to explore the relationship between the constructs of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence; and (3) to find out if there is any positive relationship exists between organisational performance and transformational leadership with emotional intelligence presence. The current investigation extends prior empirical work in at least three ways. First, the study integrates trait and behavioural approaches to leadership effectiveness in a field that is relatively new one for the study of transformational leadership. Second, the total population consisted of practicing managers. Presently, there are very few empirical studies that examine the relationship among managers, transformational leadership behaviours, their emotional intelligence capabilities and organisational performance. Third, both objective (financial performance measures) and subjective evaluations (direct report responses) of leader effectiveness and emotional intelligence capabilities were utilised. This study adds value to the current leadership literature and plays a small role in bringing an old idea into the le adership light in Malaysia manufacturing industry. One frequently discussed theory is that of transformational leadership, first introduced by Burns in 1978. Transformational leaders change their organisations culture by inspiring a sense of mission and purpose about the importance of the groups work and stimulating new ways of thinking and problem solving (Bass Avolio, 1993). Transformational leaders inspire individuals within an organisation to work harder and to strive for the highest levels of performance (Bass, 1985). While Bass, Burns and Avolio support the applicability of transformational leadership to all forms of organisation, which includes the largest public companies, other investigators find transformational leadership is not universally applicable to organisations (Inkson, Kerr and Moss, 1993). To exacerbate the situation, there is no evidence to say emotional intelligence is the moderating factor to transformational leadership towards improving organisational performance. Background of the Study An understanding of the interplay between transformational leadership and organisational performance is an important factor for developing effective organisations. Finding ways to optimise the performance of people and hence, the organisation has been, and continues to be, a major concern for organisational leaders. Thus exploration on emotional intelligence capabilities of leaders is essential too. In todays service-based, knowledge economy, many companies are beginning to shift away from traditional models of management, originally developed for production oriented firms, and now require a broader range of leadership skills and styles that are adaptive to diversity and to dramatic, often discontinuous changes in the work environment. As globalisation becomes more pronounced especially in automotive industry, the changes may become even more dramatic as firms struggle to meet competition that only a few decades ago did not even exist. Some of the promising paradigms of leadership are including people in them and tend to describe people, which include managers, as the organisations most important assets. A summary of some of these is as follows: concern for people (Blake Mouton, 1964), the value of people (Sashkin, 1984), human concern (Kilman Saxton, 1991), individualized consideration (Bass, 1985), and people orientation (Cooke Lafferty, 1994). The importance of motivating people to complete tasks at a high level so that the organisation performs well is a key role of manager especially in Malaysia manufacturing industry and was one of the main reasons for this study. Transformational leaders motivate followers both to work for transcendental goals and to increase commitment and in doing so, perform beyond the expectations those followers have for themselves. Statement of the Problem The problem in this study was to determine the degree of relationship that exists between transformational leadership, emotional intelligence and organisational performance as measured by return of capital employed (ROCE) in one of local public listed automotive manufacturing company in Malaysia. The lack of current knowledge on this subject and between these variables hinders our ability to place a value on transformational leadership and emotional intelligence capabilities and their importance in organisational performance. By knowing such knowledge, it would help EPMB managers to employ effective transformational leadership effectively in the organisation, rather than transactional leadership which is primarily task-focused. Research indicated that transactional leadership was limited in terms of effectiveness (Vishalli Kumar, 2004). Purpose of the Study The purpose of this quantitative descriptive correlational study was to determine the relationship of transformational leadership to organisational performance in one of the local public listed automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia, EPMB. The study utilised the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire developed by Bass and Avolio in 1995 (MLQ-5X) and Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) widely used by Boyatzis et al., 1999 in emotional intelligence research, to measure the level of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence capabilities respectively in each subsidiary companies of EPMB, i.e. PEPS-JV, EPP, FUNDWIN and EPMD. The overall strategy was to quantify the level of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence capabilities using scores on the MLQ and ECI respectively, and then correlate these with the organisations performance measured objectively by the organisations ROCE during the same period under these leaders. The focus of correlational research is to describe the relationships among variables rather than determine a cause-and-effect relationship. Correlational studies are useful to describe how one observable fact is related to another in situations where there is no control over some of the research variables (Lappe, 2000). In the current study, the variables of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership were believed to influence the organisational performance. Research Questions The following research questions were addressed in this study for EPMB company. Q1: Is there a significant relationship between transformational leadership and organisational performance? Q2: Is there a significant relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence? Q3: Is there a significant relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance? This study answered these questions through the analysis of data gathered utilising the MLQ-5X (Bass Avolio, 1995) and ECI (Boyatzis et al., 1999; Wolff, 2006). These questions were converted to hypotheses as below since this was a quantitative study and it is advisable that quantitative studies have either research questions or hypotheses, but not both (Creswell, 2003). The following are statements of null and alternative hypotheses that correspond to the research questions: H10: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and organisational performance. H1A: There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence H20: There is no statistically relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence. H2A: There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence. H30: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance. H3A: There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance. Significance of the Study This research project yielded new information regarding the importance of transformational leadership style to the automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia. For the organisations performing well, this information presented the opportunity to understand the importance of leader and follower development to continue performing well, and for those not performing to a similar level, the data is cause for reflection and an opportunity for improving development policies or changing leadership styles. Since the data gathered in this study does indicate a significant relationship between transformational leadership style and the performance of the organisation with and without emotional intelligence presence, further research should be undertaken to build on this finding and hopefully to improve on the understanding and meaning of the relationships. Of equally important significance due to the dearth of information available on the relationships between the three constructs in Malaysia, the results of this study will be made available to all companies that participated. This study is a small start in the right direction for companies that need leaders to continue to attract the right people for sustainable performance. Bass and Avolio (1992) have concluded that transformational leadership is important and that leadership training of managers at all levels should become an integral component of organisational education. A final component of this study is its potential impact on the selection and hiring of managers. Managers typically have an enormous impact on their organisations, constituents, and communities. Therefore, the compounded costs of making a mistake in the selection, hiring, or promotion of managers can be financially and operationally staggering. If transformational leadership is the correct and upcoming style for a utomotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia, then the selection teams could begin to narrow the focus and save time, money, and maybe companies by selecting the most effective leaders to lead their companies. In addition, since there are relationships between the variables, additional predictors of manager success can now be developed and shared with other organisations in Malaysia, thereby aiding in industry development and expansion and possibly enhancing Malaysias competitive position. Definition and Terms For the purposes of this research study, there are several terms that are necessary to address and they are as follows. Correlation. A correlation exists when the measurements of one variable either increases or decreases as the other variable increases or decreases (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Correlational study. Correlational research study designs involve either the identification of characteristics in an observed phenomenon or exploring possible correlations regarding two or more variables (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Descriptive research design. A means for providing a systemic manner by which facts and/or characteristics of an existing occurrence, or occurrences, are described (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Emotional intelligence. The ability to recognise ones own feelings and the feelings of others for the purpose of motivating ourselves and for effectively managing the emotions in ourselves and in others (Wolff, 2006). Organisational performance. In this study, it was defined as return on capital employed (ROCE) over 2005-2009. Quantitative research approach. A method by which researchers use post positivist acclamations in creating facts and predetermined inquiries such as experiments, surveys, and data collection tools to measure statistical data (Creswell, 2003). Transformational leadership. This is the basis for the study and the researchers primary interest. It could mean different things to different readers unless properly defined. For Bass and Avolio (1993), transformational leadership contains the interrelated components of charisma or idealised influence (attributed or behavioural), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualised consideration. Transformational leadership behaviours are influential in motivating follower change and transforming followers to be more aware of task outcomes, activating their highest order needs, and extending beyond their own self-interest for the benefit of the organisation. Assumptions The first assumption in this study was that transformational leadership is an effective leadership style based on previous studies even though none have been related to the automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Most previous studies were related to the military, non-profits institutions, or educational institutions. A second assumption was that there are similarities between the subsidiary companies of EPMB being researched even though they operate in different ways due to their products, customers and locations. It is possible that organisational performance is impacted by business climate to a similar degree as that by transformational leadership. A third and final assumption was that the managers/leaders (self reports) more truthfully answer the MLQ-5X and ECI even though this may not be the case in all completed surveys. This has been reported in other studies regarding leadership and emotional intelligence, and may have affected data and perceived relationships between the variables studied. The researcher was cognizant of these findings and tried to ensure that steps were taken to minimize such influences. Limitations Bias within a study can be minimized by not exposing the purpose or desired outcome to participants. The population for the current study was limited to 20 managers within EPMB who participated by taking the MLQ-5X (Bass Avolio, 1995) and ECI (Boyatzis et al., 1999; Wolff, 2006). Although the participants were informed of the study, no specifics were given as to the purpose or desired outcome. The population for the current study was limited because of availability, EPMB permission, and the amount of time available to conduct the study. The study was limited to managers who identify themselves as having worked a company in one of the subsidiary companies during the fiscal year of 2005. The population studied was quantitatively small, but it was an accurate representation of all managerial skill levels. This was because the sample population accounted 42.6% of all managers in EPMB. In addition, the sample group exemplified the various mix and types of operations throughout the organisation. The validity of the study was limited to the reliability of the structured testing instrument along with the participants perception of their leadership behaviours. A relatively new, self-reporting instrument (see Appendix A) was used to measure the levels of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence within managers using MLQ-5X and ECI respectively. The instrument for the current research study was considered cross-sectional since data were collected during one particular timeframe and not over a period of years (Creswell, 2003; Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Cross-sectional and self-reporting instruments are necessary for the assessment of self and others, but they have limitations. Nevertheless, Emmerling and Goleman (2003) stated that the limitations of such tests produced an insignificant amount of discrepancy. Most of the self-reporting instruments are primarily concerned with the connection between detailed behaviors and explicit personas. Self-reporting instruments are better indicators of organisational performance than self-assessment tools (Emmerling Goleman, 2003). Detailed Dissertation Framework and Study Variables Figure 1.1 is a more detailed representation of the relationship between transformational leadership (TL) and emotional intelligence and their impact can have on the performance of the organisation as a whole. The underlying premise is that transformational leadership does influence individuals who in turn impact the organisation with emotional intelligence as a moderating factor. The question that this study tried to answer was: What are the relationships and how do the relationships impact ROCE in the organisation over time? The elements in Figure 1.1 marked with the asterisks are those that were identified in the literature as being the most prevalent especially in studies that cited the work of Bass (1985), and Bass and Avolio (1990, 1995). The overall flow of the diagram suggests that the leader impacts the follower, and as the leaders behaviors impact more and more followers and as the range of impact increases, the organisations performance is improved. As the organisation imp roves with respect to many of the measures highlighted in Figure 1.1, it affects the ROCE of the firm and that is what this study tried to determine. Transformational Leadership Employee Effects/ Behaviours Organisational Effects/ Contributing Factors Attributed charisma Idealised influence Inspirational motivation Individualised consideration Managing change Increased productivity Achieving goals Coordinating teamwork Job satisfaction Increased self-confidence Increased performance (at all levels)*** Increased follower motivation*** Willingness to put forth extra effort*** Increased optimism Increase in learning activities Increase in innovative thinking Performance of ROCE Lower overall costs Increased sales Proactive change management Better communication Higher corporate goals Better quality products Increased customer service Increased educational opportunities More RD activities Emotional Intelligence Organisational Performance (measured by ROCE) Self-awareness Self-management Self-awareness Social awareness Social skills Figure 1.1: Detailed framework with study variables and contributing factors Table 1.1 identifies the major research questions in the study that were translated into hypotheses since the study is a quantitative one. It identifies the independent and dependent variables, as well as the statistical tests chosen to appropriately analyse the potential relationship between the dependent, independent and moderating variables. As outlined below, there were three research questions that were translated into three hypotheses (Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 2 and Hypothesis 3), the independent variable (transformational leadership score), the dependent variable (ROCE), the moderating variable (level of emotional intelligence) and the applicable statistical tests. Figure 1.1: Research Questions, Hypotheses, Variables, and Statistical Tests Question Hypotheses Independent /Moderator Variable Independent/ Dependent Variable Statistical Test What is the relationship between TL and ROCE performance? H1: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and organisational performance TL score on MLQ measured by questionnaires (Independent variable) ROCE performance (Dependent variable) Homogeneity of Variance test, ANOVA analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient, What is the relationship between TL and EI? H2: There is no statistically relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence EI score on ECI measured by questionnaires (Section B) (Moderator variable) TL score on MLQ-5X measured by questionnaires (Section A) (Independent variable) Homogeneity of Variance test, ANOVA analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient Figure 1.1: (Continued) Question Hypotheses Independent /Moderator Variable Independent/ Dependent Variable Statistical Test What is the relationship between TL, EI and ROCE performance? H3: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance TL score on MLQ-5X measured by questionnaires (Section A) (Independent variable) EI score on ECI measured by questionnaires (Section B) (Moderator variable) ROCE performance (Dependent variable) Partial correlation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis Organisation of the Remainder of the Study The remainder of the study is devoted to the discussion of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence and their relationships to organisational performance based on several earlier studies. Chapter 2 is the literature review for the key variable in the study. Chapter 3 describes the methodology for the research study. Chapter 4 discusses the results of the questionnaire survey (MLQ-5X and ECI) in addition to the objective performance measure (ROCE) of the companies based on press releases, annual reports, and analysts reports. Chapter 5 is a discussion of the results including: limitations of the measures and procedures, conclusions, and implications for future research.

Harnessing the Energy of the Oceans :: Technology Engineering Papers

Jamie Lee Wise’s essay examines the varying sources of electrical energy that we can draw from the oceans. In her well-organized and researched essay, Wise carefully explains the sources and then discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of each source. In the end, Wise’s paper argues that "public awareness and education concerning the benefits of renewable energy sources need to be increased," and that the oceans can be a valuable resourece "only if we take steps to preserve this natural wonder and use it responsibly." Harnessing the Energy of the Oceans Introduction The oceans cover nearly three-quarters of our planet and contain a vast reserve of resources, yet we are only beginning to tap their full potential. The oceans can provide a wide variety of foods, desalinated water, minerals, electricity, transportation, and recreation for the people of our world; however, this discussion will be limited to sources of electrical energy that can be harnessed from the seas. The world’s energy consumption is currently doubling every 12 years and the consequences of our heavy dependence on fossil fuels are becoming increasingly apparent. Several studies have estimated that our "present reserves of oil and natural gas will be consumed within a few decades, and coal within a few centuries." In addition, "political instability in the Middle East has demonstrated the economic consequences of oil dependence" (Bregman, Knapp, and Takahashi; 1996). Environmental and political concerns are just two reasons why alternative energy sources, such as ocean energy conversion, need to be considered. Overview of Ocean Energy Conversion Technologies Technologies that currently exist for generating electrical power from the oceans can be grouped into six broad categories: thermal energy, tidal power, wave power, ocean currents, ocean winds, and chemical sources. According to Ron Bregman, an Ocean Resource Engineer, the most promising and well-developed of these technologies are thermal energy, tidal power, and wave power (1996). Thermal Energy The oceans are the world’s largest solar collectors. Each day the oceans absorb an amount of solar radiation equivalent in heat content to about 250 billion barrels of oil, according to Michael Champ in Sea Technology (1995). This solar energy that is absorbed by the oceans as heat can be converted to electricity by a process known as Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion or OTEC. This technology is based on the large temperature differential between the warm tropical surface waters and the near freezing waters of the deep ocean (Vega, 1995).

William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- Shakespeare Tam

William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew In the beginning of â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, some say Shakespeare portrays Katherina as a very shrewish figure. Others may argue that she is not shrewish but just a very strong willed person. At the end of the play some people say she is transformed into a very kind and gentle person, while again others will argue that she is not â€Å"tamed† but just putting on an act to â€Å"show up† her younger sister Bianca, whom has always been more beautiful and charming. Kate is â€Å"like a wasp, like a foal, like foal that kicks from his halter; pert, quick and determined, but full of good heart.† 1. This statement made by one author, shows clearly that he does not see her as shrew-like, even at the beginning of the play. The same author states that at the end of the play she has not really transformed, rather she has just fallen in love with Petruchio, in essence she is free from torment because she is no longer seen as the shrew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the play Kate is â€Å"consistently in opposition to everything around her†2, meanwhile â€Å"Bianca obeys so gently and with such sweet submission that it is obvious why she is Baptista’s favorite daughter†2. In the end of the play, the roles switch and Katherina is submissive to every word of Petruchio and Bianca resists the commands of her new husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kate’s first reaction to Petruchio, her â€Å"mad wooer†, is self-pity, and even her father feels that his treatment of her would â€Å"vex a saint†. He takes her away from the home she is used to, with servants and maids to wait on her hand and foot, to the country. There she is away from the luxurious town life and is cold, hungry and tired. She somewhat learns to watch her temper and obey Petruchio so that he will feed her so she can survive peacefully rather than miserably. I believe that his method of taming her is not cruel yet very effective. He shows her that she can get much farther and live life a lot happier if she is nice and â€Å"entreats† him rather than fighting him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One author (pattern in carpet) says that Shakespeare sees Katherine and Petruchio as in love at first sight. He says that their fights are partly like a game and partly a matter of egoism. He sees Katherine as â€Å"testing† Petruchio making sure he is â€Å"man† enough to put up with the worst of her and prove to be the husband she requires. Petruchio accept... ...y. She may be submissive to him, but at the same time, he is just as submissive to her. I think that he didn’t only tame her, but she tamed and controls him by craft and not violence. Katherina is not the only one in the play to undergo a transformation. Petruchio, in the beginning went to woo Katherina only for money. He was offered a dowry by Seignior Baptista to â€Å"get rid of† Kate so he could wed his younger daughter Bianca to one of her many suitors. By the end of the play, it is made clear that Petruchio too changed and had fallen in love with Kate. The relationship that they have at the end of the play is truly love. They both are willing to change to make each other happy and they both try in every way possible to make peace in their family. The ironic part of the play is that they both think that they have control over the other one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All in all Katherina undergoes a complete metamorphosis from the beginning of the play to the end of the play. She starts out a girl, acting like foal trying to kick free from her harness and ends up a submissive, sweet, gentle and kind woman, whom is controlled yet, controls her husband Petruchio, whom she ends up loving dearly. William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- Shakespeare Tam William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew In the beginning of â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†, some say Shakespeare portrays Katherina as a very shrewish figure. Others may argue that she is not shrewish but just a very strong willed person. At the end of the play some people say she is transformed into a very kind and gentle person, while again others will argue that she is not â€Å"tamed† but just putting on an act to â€Å"show up† her younger sister Bianca, whom has always been more beautiful and charming. Kate is â€Å"like a wasp, like a foal, like foal that kicks from his halter; pert, quick and determined, but full of good heart.† 1. This statement made by one author, shows clearly that he does not see her as shrew-like, even at the beginning of the play. The same author states that at the end of the play she has not really transformed, rather she has just fallen in love with Petruchio, in essence she is free from torment because she is no longer seen as the shrew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning of the play Kate is â€Å"consistently in opposition to everything around her†2, meanwhile â€Å"Bianca obeys so gently and with such sweet submission that it is obvious why she is Baptista’s favorite daughter†2. In the end of the play, the roles switch and Katherina is submissive to every word of Petruchio and Bianca resists the commands of her new husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kate’s first reaction to Petruchio, her â€Å"mad wooer†, is self-pity, and even her father feels that his treatment of her would â€Å"vex a saint†. He takes her away from the home she is used to, with servants and maids to wait on her hand and foot, to the country. There she is away from the luxurious town life and is cold, hungry and tired. She somewhat learns to watch her temper and obey Petruchio so that he will feed her so she can survive peacefully rather than miserably. I believe that his method of taming her is not cruel yet very effective. He shows her that she can get much farther and live life a lot happier if she is nice and â€Å"entreats† him rather than fighting him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One author (pattern in carpet) says that Shakespeare sees Katherine and Petruchio as in love at first sight. He says that their fights are partly like a game and partly a matter of egoism. He sees Katherine as â€Å"testing† Petruchio making sure he is â€Å"man† enough to put up with the worst of her and prove to be the husband she requires. Petruchio accept... ...y. She may be submissive to him, but at the same time, he is just as submissive to her. I think that he didn’t only tame her, but she tamed and controls him by craft and not violence. Katherina is not the only one in the play to undergo a transformation. Petruchio, in the beginning went to woo Katherina only for money. He was offered a dowry by Seignior Baptista to â€Å"get rid of† Kate so he could wed his younger daughter Bianca to one of her many suitors. By the end of the play, it is made clear that Petruchio too changed and had fallen in love with Kate. The relationship that they have at the end of the play is truly love. They both are willing to change to make each other happy and they both try in every way possible to make peace in their family. The ironic part of the play is that they both think that they have control over the other one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All in all Katherina undergoes a complete metamorphosis from the beginning of the play to the end of the play. She starts out a girl, acting like foal trying to kick free from her harness and ends up a submissive, sweet, gentle and kind woman, whom is controlled yet, controls her husband Petruchio, whom she ends up loving dearly.

Essay --

The problem is, Starbucks is everywhere. It doesn’t matter where you are, in New York or Bangladesh - there is one guarantee – you will find a Starbucks. So, what’s the problem with Starbucks? How has it gone from being the shop that everybody would meet their friends and to be the company is almost as bad as the McDonald’s? Well, let me explain. It finds its origins in the passion of three friends in Seattle. They started a coffee bean roasting business initially to sell high-quality coffees. Then this guy, Howard Schultz, suggested applying a concept of a socializing, reading, and trendy cafà ©s to Starbucks, after he got inspired by coffee shops in Milan. However, it was rejected, and Schultz boldly left the company and established his own chain believing the concept would bring him success. And he was damn right. Then he bought Starbucks, who foolishly ignored his idea, branched it out into the international market, and became a legend of American success story. Anyway, the point is: I am sick and tired of people chattering about their hatred of Starbucks! What’s more, those people think they are so smart and people who like Starbucks are losers. Before I start attacking those haters and some of you close the tab thinking, ‘I don’t want to be lectured by a typical Starbucks lover’, I have to say, I am NOT a Starbucks lover or hater. So you may move your cursor away from resting on the ‘X’. Who could have imagined a coffee shop becoming a popular target of hatred! It seems pathetic to me how people waste their time and energy on cursing Starbucks, but surprisingly they have a long list of their own reasons. (Google and count how many posts are entitled ‘5 reasons I hate Starbucks’ and even websites made purely to critici... ...d†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is mainly because it familiarizes coffee to locals, bringing coffee as a part of life. Also, it is the â€Å"vain† side of Starbucks that keeps moms and pops alive. High-price, bitter taste, and no discount cards leads some customers to turn away from the massive chain and head to localised shops. No wonder why 57% of America’s coffee shops are mom and pops when Starbucks is restlessly expanding their coffee empire at the same time. I would also like to add, the majority of those mom and pop coffeehouses and some other chains like Gloria Jean’s originated from Starbucks – it set a new successful coffee business model. So haters, admit it. Starbucks is too good. It is your needs and vanity that keep it alive and thriving. Don’t waste your energy on debating about a meaningless subject. If you really cannot stop yourself chattering about it, do your research.

My Career Goal Essay

I always ask myself a question of what I want to be and what goals I am going to achieve four years later. Four years later, it is hoped that I can get the most out of my education, becoming more independent and mature. Four years later, it is hoped that I can be a journalist who contribute as much value as I can to my city. My first career goal is to be a journalist who writes for newspaper. A journalist who sees and tells the truth with honesty. Reporting the news completely. Presenting all sides of viewpoints unbiasedly. Seeking more sources when writing a news so as to be sure of multiple sides are presented. Secondly, helping the public society but the government will become one of my main concern. It is hoped that I can be independent from the government. Keeping a watchful eye on the government and making representation to the government about the unjust policy or measure. Therefore, I can supervise the government as to be sure that they do their work properly. Moreover, bridge the gap between society and real life is also my concern. Passionate on providing the information of the causes of the accident so as to raise the public awareness of the things going on the social issues. Finally, sincerely hope that I can hold on the mission which inspired by principle of freedom, of information, of expression in my career life with all attempt, determination and faith in justice. I always ask myself a question of what I want to be and what goals I am going to achieve four years later. Four years later, it is hoped that I can get the most out of my education, becoming more independent and mature. Four years later, it is hoped that I can be a journalist who contribute as much value as I can to my city. My first career goal is to be a journalist who writes for newspaper. A journalist who sees and tells the truth with honesty. Reporting the news  completely. Presenting all sides of viewpoints unbiasedly. Seeking more sources when writing a news so as to be sure of multiple sides are presented. Secondly, helping the public society but the government will become one of my main concern. It is hoped that I can be independent from the government. Keeping a watchful eye on the government and making representation to the government about the unjust policy or measure. Therefore, I can supervise the government as to be sure that they do their work properly. Moreover, bridge the gap between society and real life is also my concern. Passionate on providing the information of the causes of the accident so as to raise the public awareness of the things going on the social issues. Finally, sincerely hope that I can hold on the mission which inspired by principle of freedom, of information, of expression in my career life with all attempt, determination and faith in justice.

Tqm Ford

Total Quality Management refers to an integrated approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which will meet or exceed customer expectations and to develop continuous improvement. A company that implements this form of management is Ford Motor Company. Ford began to practice TQM back in the 1980s when â€Å"When Quality is Job 1† was their slogan. And of course back then Ford was a vast company. When TQM was first utilized, it started through a joint venture with ChemFil which is a division of PPG Industries.Ford Motor Company wanted to produce better products and a stable environment not only for the workforce but also an effective management and profitability by the 1990s. During this process, â€Å"Quality is Job 1† became â€Å"Quality People, Quality Products†. Through this partnership with paint supplier ChemFil, paint processes were developed to ensure that a quality product that meets customer’s needs transform into financial success.TQM was forefront in their painting design as the process of preparation was implemented by ChemFil with Ford management and workers informed of all steps needed to follow the application of paint to a quality outcome. A couple of years later, Ford Chief Engineer Art Hyde takes the executed Six Sigma a step further saying, The design and engineering analysis process makes it possible for problems, that previously may not have surfaced until launch, to be caught and corrected in the virtual world through the DMAIC process.The  DMAIC process, define, measure, analyze, improve, and control has built an overall strategy for consistency in Ford teams. Of their Six Sigma implementation for 2010 product launches, Dan Dobbs, The Six Sigma Master Black Belt said, The Company’s Quality Operating System or (QOS) is crucial for identifying and correcting problems within the manufacturing facilities. Six Sigma and QOS implemented in each plant includes cross-functional groups of engineers, plant management, and production specialists—all skilled problem solvers who’ve been trained through Six Sigma.

Laboratory Method

Laboratory method Lesson 42: Different Methods of Plant Propagation Reference: Effective Technology and Home Economics II By: Luz Villanueva Rojo Julia Garcia Cruz Dr. Cristina Villanueva I. Preparatory method Motivation Let the students guess the picture. Jot down their guesses on the board. Reveal the picture. 1. Have you tried planting a seed? 2. Have you tried propagating a plant using different kind of method? Orientation to the Work/Activity Read this  Respiratory ActivityMarcotting is another way of plant propagation where in the stems are included to take roots while still attached to the mother plant. Presentation of the Materials 1. Young plant 2. Knife 3. Moistened soil 4. Plastic 5. Coconut husk 6. String 7. Pot Procedure 1. Remove a ring of the bark below the node 3-5 cm long. 2. Scrape the cambium layer but not too deep into the wood to prevent healing before root formation takes place. 3. After the callus formation has taken place, wrap the surface with moist soil and coconut husk. . Cover securely with plastic and tie both ends using string, water the marcot regularly to prevent the drying and hardening of the soil. 5. When enough roots grow cut off the marcot just below the ball of soil that holds the root. 6. After cutting the marcot place into a pot big enough to provide sufficient room for the roots. 7. Place in a cool and shady place. 8. Precautionary Measures 1. Be careful in using the knife. 2. Make su re that your hands are covered with plastic when touching the soil. . Wash hands after the activity. II. Supervise Work Period or Laboratory Visit each group and observe if proper handling of tools is applied and steps are being followed correctly. III. Culminating Activities †¢Each group will have their representative to report the result of their experiment. †¢How is marcotting different from seed propagation? †¢What have you conclude after the experiment? †¢Do the process at home and produce a new plant.

Job dissatisfaction Essay

1.What symptom(s) in this case suggest that something has gone wrong? In this case, there are few symptoms clearly stated that something has gone wrong for this company. These symptoms can be classified into two main areas; one is the negative feedback from the customers and another one if from its own employee’s job dissatisfaction. As stated in this case, the customer services business has grown doubled in the past five years as the advancement of technology allowed employees to investigate most software and hardware system faults from the center through remote monitoring. However, as the business grows, there are possibility of increasing work load and pressure that causes the rise of those negative feedbacks from both customers and employees. First of all, the symptoms that suggested something had gone wrong includes the company was unable to live up through their customer’s expectation. This is shown by the increasing complaints regarding poor quality service by customers. Customers have commented that employees seem indifferent to the client’s problem, not enthusiastic in assisting and helping them. Besides, they also commented that they are receiving slow response to their problem where solving their issue requires the involvement of more than one department. This might due to poor procedure flow. Moreover, their customer also commented that employees are lacking of knowledge regarding client’s unique information technology system infrastructure. There are more symptoms being detected in employee side which include increased in employee resignations above industry average and employee referrals become rare. Employees are complaining about monotonous work where the work is lacking in variety and interest. Employees also commented that they are disconnected from the consequences of their work, where the outcome of their service is not made known to them. Conflicts that frequently occur among employees with different departments also a symptom that showing appropriate action must be taken by the management. Employees also complaining about the stress level are increasing when serving dissatisfied clients. It is clearly that the company is experiencing some growth; however, the management needs to find a solution to solve the arising issue where their employees are lacking of motivation in their job. However, the executive team’s decision to raise pay rates for its customer service staff and the vested profit-sharing plan does not improve the employees’ work performance or customers’ satisfaction. 2.What are the main causes of these symptoms? The main cause of these symptoms is the lack of motivation among customer service employees. As according to the results of employee survey and informal comments given by employees, we can conclude that most of the employees do not meet their job satisfaction. This is the main factor for the lack of engagement in doing their task, ended with poor performance in their customer service. The work effectiveness is strongly affected by employees’ work motivation and job satisfaction. The lack of motivation among customer service staff is caused by several factors which include the boredom from monotonous work, feels disconnected from the consequences of their work, conflicts with other departments and the stress serving unhappy clients. All of the above causes are leading to job dissatisfaction among employees which then driving poor quality service to their customers. They are lacking of common goal in their task. The relation between those factors and motivation level among employees can be explained by the Job Characteristic Model. According to Job Characteristic Model, five core job dimensions, skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback from job, produce three psychological states among employees and lead to higher level of internal work motivation, job satisfaction and work effectiveness. From the employee survey and informal comments, it is clear that the job is lack of variety and lacking of feedback from job. In addition, problem within the structure of the company causing conflicts between departments. This might due to lack of proper channel of communication from the time of query have been made by customer and the ticket is issued until the problem has been resolved. Besides, high quit  rate and lower productivity among new employees is another reason causing poor quality service to customers. The overall scenario does not improve but turned worst instead when the management takes the wrong approach in solving the problem by rising employees pay. The problem and causes of the poor quality service is not been analyzed and identified, thus there is no positive impact by just rising pay rates to customer service staff. This can be further discussed as ineffectiveness of reward. The reward given is not linked to the work performance; as the results, employees do not experience the positive emotions even when they receive higher pay or incentive from the vested profit-sharing plan. 3.What actions should Yakka Tech executives take to correct these problems? Yakka Tech executives should take few actions in order to correct these problems. These actions mainly focus on three parts, first is on boosting up employees job satisfaction to increase their job motivation. Secondly, the management should implement a better and more organize system for the flow of query between departments. Thirdly, the Yakka Tech executives should reconstruct the reward system in order to improve reward effectiveness. These problems must be properly addressed and analyzed before the company implements new solutions. Management shall gather more information regarding the factors causing employees job dissatisfaction which results in poor quality service. Productivity among employees is strongly related to their job engagement and job motivation. As in this case, the executives should establish a goal setting plan in order to help employees have a clear goal on their job which help in motivating the employees. By setting a precise goal can also help to motivate employees to stay in track. In addition, the executives can establish a feedback system to promote communication between management and staff. Set a regular employee survey, group meetings or other feedback system to enable employees to share their thoughts to the management. This is to allow the management to detect those areas that need improvement to have better employee engagement. An organized system is vital in any organization in order to promote smooth work flow. Yakka Tech should implement a better and more organize system to solve the communication problem between departments and the flow of query between departments. A clear procedure of work flow should be set and made known to all departments that involve in addressing customer’s problem. Moreover, adequate training for new employees and ongoing training for employee is important. This is to keep employees skills up-to-date and increase productivity. Reconstruct the reward system to promote reward effectiveness. The rates of pay do not increase productivity, but employee engagement does. The executives should come out a better incentive scheme to motivate their employees. For example, reward is given to employee who receives good comment from their customer or annual bonus is given to the team when the complaints rate is lower than the benchmark. The reward given should be always linked to the employee performance and the management should provide relevant reward the valued by their employee.

Features and Consequences of Globalization Essay

Features and Consequences of Globalization - Essay Example Globalization has rapidly changed the lifestyles of many people without their even being unaware. To take an example, most people had not even heard of the Internet in 1990. Also, few people had an e-mail address then. But today the Internet, cell phones and e-mail have become essential tools that many people just cannot live without, in both developed and developing countries. But globalization does have its opponents. This essay examines the fundamental aspects of globalization such as meaning and definition, features, aims and organized and un-organized globalization. Globalization is commonly understood as the process by which physical, political, economic, cultural barriers separating different regions of the world are reduced or removed, thereby paving the way for exchanges of goods and knowledge. Globalization facilitates freedom of movement without political and geographical hazards and this seems to be the attraction of globalization to most people. Globalization also promotes mutual reliance. As the number of exchanges of goods and of information increase, the result is a growing interdependence between countries as they come to rely on various imported products, services, and cultural input. Thus, from economic point of view globalization is the integration of world economies into a single economy. Definitions Globalization means and includes increased closeness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture. The term 'globalization' has been defined by various authors in different ways. In fact, it has as many definitions as there are authors. The most commonly used definitions include the following: 1. Globalization is "a complex set of distinct but related processes-economic, social and also political and military-through which social relations have developed towards a global scale and with global reach, over a long historic period" (Rajaee Farhang, 2000, p.44) 2. The prominent Islamic scholar, Muhmoud Ayoub, defined globalization in the following way: "It is said that we now live in global village. To extent that it is true, it is a negative process. Globalization is a latest manifestation of Western Imperialism" (Rajaee Farhang, 2000, p.30) 3. In its most concise definition, globalization "simply refers to the complex of forces that trend toward a single world society. Among these forces are mass communications, commerce, increased ease of travel, the internet, popular culture, and increasingly widespread use of English as an international language." (Lautier Frannie, 2006, p.34) Features of Globalization Globalization means the integration of an economy with the rest of the world so as to ensure free flow of goods and services without any legal political and geographical boundaries. Globalization is different to different countries. The way in which one country approaches globalization phenomenon is different from that of another country. It depends upon the nature of economy, the political scenario and many other similar factors. However, the common features of globalization remain the same to all countries. They include: (OECD Handbook. 2005. p. 18) 1. Reduction of barriers to trade 2. The high interaction of financial markets is increasingly impacting on the conduct and performance of