Kaleidoscope Essay -- Descriptive Essays

KaleidoscopeSome are transformed just once / And live their whole lives after in that shape. / Others have a facility for changing themselves as they please. -OvidIt finds its way into my handsthe small kaleidoscopea trinket my grandfather passes along to me after finding it at the bottom of his toolbox one afternoon. Hold it up to the light, Lauren, he advises me, upon witnessing my attempts to unlock the kaleidoscopes magic by aiming it towards the shadowy pavement. With hands clasped, eyes squinted, and head cocked, I finally spot the colouring materialed chips, a glisten lattice of blue, green, and yellow, stagnantly arranged and defined. Turn it, now, my grandfather orders, smiling. Suddenly, the clear composition unravels. It becomes a moving color war, triangles and rectangles interacting, skirting around one another to form patterns that fall behind only fleetingly before changing again. I g asp, intrigued. Thats the beautiful part, my grandfather observes. Its beautiful when its turning.The challenge of cleaning out my desk drawers in preparation for the move to New York results in my stumbling across an old coloring book. I leaf through the pages, startled by the number of pictures Id left only partially colored. With quick, shaky movements, it seems as if I had simply jumped from shading one image to the next, as if there were something complete about departure the figures incomplete. Sitting at my desk, fourteen years older, I laugh at my rendition of Big Bird, whose characteristically yellow feathers I had made blue and whose feet (I reckon I had decided) were altogether undeserving of color. And yet I get a sense that thi... ... of wholeness, but the acceptance that Ill always be a work-in-progress that creates the upstanding illusion of completeness.Although ignorant of his own words, my grandfather has gotten it right It is beautiful when its turning. We, as human beings, are not able to ossify what we perceive to be our identity it will be forever changinga kind of surreal, confounding, and complex reflection of our human experience. We possess innumerable facets, like little tubes of color that remain separate until some creative force removes all the caps and mixes them together. It is that mlange that initiates a masterpiece of identitya masterpiece that is ever changing and neer quite finished, but fulfilling in its progression. And it is precisely this understanding that makes the next stroke of the brush a little bit clearer, the portrait itself a bit to a greater extent revealing.

Corporal Punishment of Children Should be Banned Essay -- Spanking Chi

The term sensible penalisation is defined as the affair of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control of the childs behavior (A Report 18). In America, parents use of corporal punishment in homes be possessed of been defined legally by the states as encompassing average force with some states adding qualifiers that it must also be appropriate (AL, AK, AZ, CA, CC), moderate (AR, DE, SC, SD), or necessary (MT, NH, NY, OR, TX, WI). Three states see the need to clarify that corporal punishment is limited to nondeadly force (AK, NY, TX) (Gershoff, material 540). Currently, over 90% of US families report having used corporal punishment as a means of discipline at some time (Physical). Parental corporal punishment is usually restricted to physical contact with an open hand, and to contact on extremities or fag end, as in spanking, strapping, smacking, beating, or whipping (Remus 22). Behaviors that do cause risk injury (e.g., punching, kicking, burning) are considered physical abuse (Gershoff, Corporal 540). Parents punish their children physically for discipline. However, parents corporal punishment may inadvertently result in child physical abuse administered by their anger. Sometimes they even intended to harm a child. In my opinion, physical abuse can be a potential outcome of corporal punishment. Parents use of corporal punishment in homes are likely to have few intended positive effects and many unintended negative effects. Besides, hitting children frequently may worsen parent-child relationship as well as childrens future character flaw. In this case, corporal punishment of children in homes needs to be outlawed in America.Fi... ...b. 20 Nov. 2014.Robinson, B.A. Religious Tolerance. DoubleClick, 11 Apr. 2002. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.Should bouncy Be Banned? stophitting. The Center for Effective Discipline. Jun. 2008. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.Straus, Murray A. Spanking and the Ma king of a Violent Society. Pediatrics 98.4 (1996) 834-836. Print.Straus, Murray A., and Glenda Kaufman Kantor. Corporal Punishment Of Adolescents By Parents A Risk Factor In The Epidemiology Of Depression.. Adolescence 29.115 (1994) 543. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.To Spank or Not to Spank? stophitting. The Center for Effective Discipline. Jun. 2008. Web. 6 Dec. 2014.Williams, Walter E. Making a Case for Corporal Punishment. Inside of the News 13 Sep. 1999. Web. 29 Nov. 2014.Wegner, Paul D. Discipline In The Book Of Proverbs To Spank Or Not To Spank? Jets 48.4 (2005) 715-732. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.

Harmful Effects of the Ornish Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exer

Harmful Effects of the Ornish DietThe Ornish forage, a meal plan that emphasizes the consumption of carbohydrates over fats, is an un practiced plan despite its claims to being a safe and effective way to prevent heart disease1 a claim only a balanced diet can make. Because the Ornish diet cuts out a large number of foods from a persons meal, many secure nutrients are missing that would normally be in a balanced diet. In addition, recent studies have found that diets containing a larger than recommended amount of carbohydrates may actually increase a persons chances of developing intestinal and dumbbell cancers2. These findings show that despite any benefits the Ornish diet may provide to the heart, the complications of maintaining a high carbohydrate diet make it not nearly as safe as a balanced diet. Because the Ornish diet restricts participants to a strictly vegetarian meal plan, people who follow the diet often become deficient in beneficial nutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, and omega-3 bufflehead acids1. Vitamin B12 and iron are nutrients often found in animal products such as meat, while omega-3 fatty acids are most common fish the foods present in a balanced diet, but absent in the Ornish diet. Deficiencies of these chemicals can often lead to conditions such as anemia, or prevent beneficial effects that are imparted by omega-3 fatty acids such as mood stabilization and improved cardiovascular health. Because the body needs iron to produce hemoglobin a vital part in a red downslope cells susceptibility to transport oxygen to other cells, a lack of the substance would cause a large decrease in the effectiveness and number of red blood cells. In addition, due to vitamin B12s regulation of blood cell production, a decreas... ...s incorrect. People on this diet often do not obtain adequate of the essential vitamins and minerals that they need in order to maintain healthy bodies. Because of this, they run the risk of developing serious illness es such as anemia. People on the Ornish diet similarly will not enjoy the possible benefits other nutrients such as the omega-3 fatty acids. Dieters who take in such large amounts of carbohydrates also increase their risk of developing cancers due to the elevated insulin responses their bodies put up to digest the food that they eat. In the end, a balanced diet is much safer than, and barely as effective if followed correctly In maintaining a healthy body as the Ornish diet is. Sources1. http//www.moscowfoodcoop.com/archive/ornish.html2. http//www.scienceblog.com/community/article3530.html3. http//www.bipolarchild.com/newsletters/0501.html

Merchant of Venice Essay examples -- Merchant of Venice Essays

Mercy v. Justice Old volition v. New Testament eon the conflict between arbiter and mercy plays a key role in determining the come outcome of The merchandiser of Venice, this conflict is even more important because it provides a setting for the tell apart between the rigid law and rules of the Old Testament and the concepts of mercy and forgiveness as taught by Christ in the New Testament. It is in the climactic audition scene that The Duke, hoping moneylender will excuse Antonios penalty, asks him, How shall grand hope for mercy rendring none? He is referring to expectations of judgment in the afterlife. However, so is shylock, when he counters, What judgment shall I dread doing no wrong? This exchange abruptly presents this conflict between of the Old Testament and the New, in which the former is seen to emphasize strict obedience as mankinds obligation to God man the latter stresses Gods grace and mercy.The laws and rules of the Old Testament insisted on strict justice , An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth (Exodus 2123, 24 also see Leviticus 2419, 20 and Deuteronomy 1921) piece the New Testament calls for mercy, Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy (Matthew 57) said Christ in the Sermon on the Mount. He later added Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth further I arrange unto you, that ye resist non evil but whosoever shall surpass thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. (Matthew 539). Shakespeares version of An eye for and eye is form at the end of Shylocks cracking speech in the trial scene of Act IV, If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. His demand for avenging is made more understandable in this famous speech as he lays open the days of pain and ang er caused by the anti-Semitic discourse and abuse from the likes of Antonio and the rest of Venetian society. But, while he is more a victim than a villain, hes non blameless. What turns Shylock into a ruthless avenger is his lady friends elopement with a Christian and her rejection of the religion of her family. It is this betrayal by his own flesh and blood that renders Shylock seemingly merciless towards ... ...s and forgiving herself. One of the majuscule ironies of this play happens when Shylock calls Portia, "A Daniel come to judgment, yea, a Daniel" Daniel was the Old Testament judge of Susanna, a woman accused of being unchaste by the elders. The written report is pointed because Daniel rules in Susannas favor, thus rescuing her from her fate. After freeing her, he then in turn convicts the elders. Shylocks mistake is that while he is right in calling Portia a Daniel, he fails to recognize that he is the one who represents the elders and Antonio is the rescued Susanna. In the end, Shylock is prevented from cutting a work over of Antonios flesh from very near the merchandisers heart, but in a sense it is the Christians who cut Shylocks heart out of his body without shedding a drop of his blood. While the Christians preach mercy when Antonio is at risk, the Christian court is happy to opt for Old Testament retaliation itself in exacting a punishment which leaves Shylock feeling that he might as well be dead-- Nay, take my life and all, pardon not that, You take my house, when you do take the prop / That doth plunk for my house you take my life / When you do take the means whereby I live. Merchant of Venice Essay examples -- Merchant of Venice Essays Mercy v. Justice Old Testament v. New TestamentWhile the conflict between justice and mercy plays a key role in determining the outcome of The Merchant of Venice, this conflict is even more important because it provides a setting for the contrast between the rigid law and r ules of the Old Testament and the concepts of mercy and forgiveness as taught by Christ in the New Testament. It is in the climactic trial scene that The Duke, hoping Shylock will excuse Antonios penalty, asks him, How shall thou hope for mercy rendring none? He is referring to expectations of judgment in the afterlife. However, so is Shylock, when he counters, What judgment shall I dread doing no wrong? This exchange perfectly presents this conflict between of the Old Testament and the New, in which the former is seen to emphasize strict obedience as mankinds obligation to God while the latter stresses Gods grace and mercy.The laws and rules of the Old Testament insisted on strict justice, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth (Exodus 2123, 24 also see Leviticus 2419, 20 and Deuteronomy 1921) while the New Testament calls for mercy, Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy (Matthew 57) said Christ in the Sermon on the Mount. He later added Ye have heard that it hat h been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth but I say unto you, that ye resist not evil but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. (Matthew 539). Shakespeares version of An eye for and eye is found at the end of Shylocks great speech in the trial scene of Act IV, If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. His demand for vengeance is made more understandable in this famous speech as he lays open the years of pain and anger caused by the anti-Semitic treatment and abuse from the likes of Antonio and the rest of Venetian society. But, while he is more a victim than a villain, hes not blameless. What turns Shylock into a ruthless avenger is his daughters elopement with a Christian and her rejection of the religion of her family. It is this betrayal by his own flesh and blood that renders Shylock seemingly merciless towards ... ...s and forgiving herself. One of the great ironies of this play happens when Shylock calls Portia, "A Daniel come to judgment, yea, a Daniel" Daniel was the Old Testament judge of Susanna, a woman accused of being unchaste by the elders. The story is pointed because Daniel rules in Susannas favor, thus rescuing her from her fate. After freeing her, he then in turn convicts the elders. Shylocks mistake is that while he is right in calling Portia a Daniel, he fails to recognize that he is the one who represents the elders and Antonio is the rescued Susanna. In the end, Shylock is prevented from cutting a pound of Antonios flesh from very near the merchants heart, but in a sense it is the Christians who cut Shylocks heart out of his body without shedding a drop of his blood. While the Christians preach mercy when Antonio is at risk, the Christian court is happy to opt for Old Testam ent vengeance itself in exacting a punishment which leaves Shylock feeling that he might as well be dead-- Nay, take my life and all, pardon not that, You take my house, when you do take the prop / That doth sustain my house you take my life / When you do take the means whereby I live.

Teaching To the Individual Students :: Education Learning School Essays

Teaching To the separate StudentsThroughout my life I have had numerous experiences, some of the ones that I remember most fondly are the ones that involve direction. Whether it was being taught by a loving and caring adult or myself teaching children at my church, I love to be where true understanding and true breeding is taking place. I get out to be an encouraging and loving teacher who lets her students know that she cares and is trying her best to make a positive difference in their lives. When trying to line up up with my teaching school of thought, I quickly realize that one regularity is not for me, I need to ruffle many methods to make my style play the many personalities and square uping styles of my students. With all of the learning styles that students show up I do not see how a teacher could simply teach with one philosophy all of the time. If they choose to lecture all the time, how give the kinesthetic and visual learners, who make up the biggest pe rcentage of the population, understand the material? Overall, I will combine parts from the philosophies of essentialism and progressivism, and use some of the behaviorism method to help encourage the appropriate behaviors in my class. I believe that these three styles will combine unneurotic to form a teaching method that will be appropriate for many learners at one time, and that these styles will accomplish my dream of making a difference in my students lives.After college I swear to get a teaching job in southern West Virginia, and eventually work on my masters degree. My reasons for coming to the teacher gentility field are simple. I decided to be a teacher because of my desire to work with children. I will teach children who are at an impressible time in their lives, pre-school through sixth grade, and I will try to be a superb example and model for them to follow. I will be the counselor, helper, and nurse that all elementary children need. I will be there for my students in the good times and the bad. Overall, I will try to make a positive difference in their lives. I believe that every child should have the opportunity to learn in a way that is fun and fits their learning styles this is why my teaching philosophy is a combination of so many different methods.Teaching To the Individual Students Education Learning School EssaysTeaching To the Individual StudentsThroughout my life I have had many experiences, some of the ones that I remember most fondly are the ones that involve teaching. Whether it was being taught by a loving and caring adult or myself teaching children at my church, I love to be where true understanding and true learning is taking place. I will to be an encouraging and loving teacher who lets her students know that she cares and is trying her best to make a positive difference in their lives. When trying to come up with my teaching philosophy, I quickly realized that one method is not for me, I need to combine man y methods to make my style fit the many personalities and learning styles of my students. With all of the learning styles that students exhibit I do not see how a teacher could simply teach with one philosophy all of the time. If they choose to lecture all the time, how will the kinesthetic and visual learners, who make up the biggest percentage of the population, understand the material? Overall, I will combine parts from the philosophies of essentialism and progressivism, and use some of the behaviorism method to help encourage the appropriate behaviors in my class. I believe that these three styles will combine together to form a teaching method that will be appropriate for many learners at one time, and that these styles will accomplish my dream of making a difference in my students lives.After college I hope to get a teaching job in southern West Virginia, and eventually work on my masters degree. My reasons for coming to the teacher education field are simple. I decided to be a teacher because of my desire to work with children. I will teach children who are at an impressionable time in their lives, pre-school through sixth grade, and I will try to be a good example and model for them to follow. I will be the counselor, helper, and nurse that all elementary children need. I will be there for my students in the good times and the bad. Overall, I will try to make a positive difference in their lives. I believe that every child should have the opportunity to learn in a way that is fun and fits their learning styles this is why my teaching philosophy is a combination of so many different methods.

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay -- Jonathan Swift Modest Prop

Jonathan swifts A dispirited Proposal blue-belly was said to decl be at one stage in his life I am not of this vile country (Ireland), I am an Englishman (Hertford website). In his satire A Modest Proposal, he illustrates his dislike not only for the Irish, but for the English, organized religions, rich, envious landlords, and people of power. It is obvious that prompt dislikes these people, but the reader must explore from where his loathing for the groups of people stems. I believe Swift not only cherished to attack these various types of people to defend the defenseless poor beggars, but he also had personal motives for his writings that stemmed from unconscious feelings, located in what Sigmund Freud would call the id, that Swift developed in his earlier years of life. Swifts biography can help the reader to gain insight into Swifts irrational proposal as a result of his resentment of the various groups of people he condemns in A Modest Proposal. Swift was born in Dubl in, Ireland and had a good childhood in which he was well educated, but when he was about three years old his bring forth left him in the care of his uncle. At this age Freud would have asserted that Swift was going through the Oedipus complex, where he would have had an erotic attachment to his mother. Swifts mother leaving him at this time might have been detrimental to Swift, rendering him unable to complete the transition into manhood, as Freud believes all boys do, by eventually identifying with their father. In a sense, Swifts mother sold him in order to benefit herself. Being left by a younker boys mother, whom he was strongly attached might have been damaging. Swifts uncle sent him to very good schools in Ireland and Swift gradatory fr... ...ing some actual proposals that would work to ease the pain for the poor. Swift writes that the rich could quit universe so proud and selfish and have at to the lowest degree one degree of mercy towards their tenants (Swift). Swift feels despair and rejection from every caregiver or leader in his own life, just as the poor are rejected by society so they resort to begging. He feels that something drastic will have to happen in order for things to change, otherwise the misery of being devoured by society will be upon the poor breed for ever, as well as himself (Swift). Perhaps it was too late for this drastic change in Swifts life. Perhaps his unresolved childhood complexes are too distant that they would have never been resolved. Works CitedHertford College. Swift Biography. hertford.ox.ac.uk/alumni/swift.htm. Oxford, 2004Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. 1729

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay -- Jonathan Swift Modest Prop

Jonathan Swifts A Modest ProposalSwift was said to declare at one stratum in his life I am not of this vile country (Ireland), I am an Englishman (Hertford website). In his satire A Modest Proposal, he illustrates his despise not only for the Irish, but for the English, organized religions, rich, greedy landlords, and people of power. It is obvious that Swift dislikes these people, but the reader must explore from where his loathing for the groups of people stems. I believe Swift not only wanted to attack these various types of people to defend the defenseless poor beggars, but he also had personalized motives for his writings that stemmed from unconscious feelings, located in what Sigmund Freud would call the id, that Swift developed in his earlier years of life. Swifts biography keister help the reader to gain insight into Swifts irrational proposal as a result of his re movement of the various groups of people he condemns in A Modest Proposal. Swift was born in Dublin, I reland and had a good childhood in which he was well educated, but when he was about three years old his mother left him in the care of his uncle. At this age Freud would have asserted that Swift was going through the Oedipus complex, where he would have had an erotic attachment to his mother. Swifts mother leaving him at this time might have been detrimental to Swift, rendering him futile to complete the transition into manhood, as Freud believes all boys do, by eventually identifying with their father. In a sense, Swifts mother sold him in order to social welfare herself. Being left by a young boys mother, whom he was strongly attached might have been damaging. Swifts uncle sent him to very good schools in Ireland and Swift graduated fr... ...ing some actual proposals that would work to ease the pain for the poor. Swift writes that the rich could quit being so proud and selfish and have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants (Swift). Swift feels despair and r ejection from every caregiver or leader in his own life, just as the poor are rejected by society so they resort to begging. He feels that something drastic will have to carry on in order for things to change, otherwise the misery of being devoured by society will be upon the poor breed for ever, as well as himself (Swift). mayhap it was too late for this drastic change in Swifts life. Perhaps his unresolved childhood complexes are too distant that they would have neer been resolved. Works CitedHertford College. Swift Biography. hertford.ox.ac.uk/alumni/swift.htm. Oxford, 2004Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal. 1729

Operating Plan Essay

We pass on First Operate in major piping metropoliss. get downing with Bangalore. and so Mumbai. Delhi. Chennai. Goa. Pune. Kolkata. Gujarat and so on After Targeting to these metropoliss. we ordain seek to aim the rural India which is about 70 % of India. How bequeath we reach?We will advance through ADVERTISEMENT in ONLINE FORUM. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES. Locally celebrated Theaters. Souvenirs given to clients. App Stores. humanoid market apps. PRINT MEDIA which is about read by every another(prenominal) individual normally. like Hindu. Times of India. etc in Bangalore and besides some local trade names etc. What will be our gross revenues publicity use?Peoples would be able to book a whole new wave for household acquire together. a birthday party with their films. counter tiffin or dinner etc all made available in the coach. with some former engagement of minimal 7 yearss. Besides if a school or college wants to award a educational reappraisal. or a documental to their pu pils. the squad may take attention. travel to school and demo attention them with all things they needed with anterior engagement. We will be besides publishing a base on balls which will be a three clip one-year base on balls in which you can see film thrice a month with that base on balls delivering every clip you come. This will be chiefly for our two dozen hours today clients. The one-year base on balls will besides incorporate vouchers for free Zea mays everta. or some price reduction on meal and besides some other value added services.How Will We Sell?Our chief purpose is to gain net income with making a strong client relationship. We will sell our Tickets through our ain web site. Bookmyshow. com. After some clip in long term we will do our ain apps in Iphone. mechanical man market. Ipad etc. The Timings will be pre decided. and a hebdomads timetable will besides be decided. which will demo non merely new films. but sometimes a educational movie. and local linguistic comm unication movies of the metropolis we operate in. Where will we park?We will park our cinevan in a short distance from our clients place. A lather of 1 kilometer far in any vicinity we decided. We will park someplace where there is ample of infinite for vehicles to come and travel. This will assist in modulating the traffic. We will besides take anterior permissions for all our topographic points. etcHow will we acquire our train?We will import in the beginning and so we will seek and improvize our squad and add some interior decorators who can plan our train which will be more broad etc. our current train will suit around 70 people at a clip.How will Caravan be like?Caravan will be a coach which will hold a same experience as if you are sitting In a multiplex. The Acoustics section will be taken attention of and a finest of all will be used at that place.

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay

The six mental burn downes are biological, teaching or carriageal, cognitive, sociocultural, psychodynamic, and humanistic. Each approach is unique in its throw way and used by psychiatrists to diagnose the job. A biological approach is applied when the there is a known medical condition. The medical condition normally connects to mental health, and the solution comes from therapy. This particular approach looks at the whole body. The learning or behavioral approach is all about analyzing the persons the behavior and modifying their behavior biased on their response to the environment.This approach works from positive and negatives items in their environment, and is sometimes cured by brings these elements in and out of their life to furbish up the problem. The events in the environment can be rewards or punishments that will influence the forbearings behavior. The cognitive perspective is about understand a patients thinking and understanding. How we process, store, and retr ieve instruction influences our behavior. It is said that all problems are located in the brain, and using this perspective you can find a medical issue that is affecting how the brain is working.The sociocultural approach is when the mental health has something to do with the environment that deals with growth. The culture in which the patient is a large factor. In a psychodynamic approach an individuals problem is inside the unconscious pass. This can be from a dramatic event that happened earlier in their life. Sometimes the cure can be from the patient themselves accepting the fact, or acknowledging that they have a problem. The final approach is a humanistic approach. This is about individual or self directed choices that influence behavior.This approach deals with the physical health of a patient to eventually cure their mental health. There is a well known philosophy that a healthy mind equals a healthy body. In this approach, a psychologist will control the patients diet a nd exercise to regain their mental health. The infirmary used many methods on the mentally ill patients. They had group counseling scheduled every day where Mrs. Ratchet interrogated the patients and made them feel uncomfortable. The hospital also had electric shock therapy and lobotomy as other treatment methods.Also, the hospital gave the patients medicine, this is a biological approach, even though it was given to these people unwillingly. Mrs. Ratchet also allowed McMurphy to receive a vote in order to watch the ball game and she bended the rules or was too strict in order to win her position. This is a behavioral approach because McMurphy watched the baseball game probably in his normal environment at home. She teased him with the mentation of watching the game as a reward, then took it away. McMurphy had behavioral or learning approach.He would congratulate people when they did things he thought were good and he would yell at them when he thought they did something stinking . For example, when McMurphy taught Chief how to shoot a basketball, he cheered after every point he made. The other patients looked up to and really admired McMurphy, which put him in a very powerful position. He had a strong effect on the other patients and they really admired him. Chief Bromdens recovery began when McMurphy came to the hospital and started talking to him and making him do tasks.McMurphy worked on foreland to see if he was smart enough to complete simple tasks. The offshoot step was him rise his hands above his head at the basketball court, which was the first movement he had done in his whole time being there. Before chief wouldnt handle directions from others very well. His next step was raising his hand to vote on watching the baseball game, which McMurphy also encouraged greatly. Later, McMurphy rounded up the patients to play some basketball. McMurphy passed the ball to Chief and he prospect it, which was followed by him beginning to follow orders and run up and down the court.The final step was when McMurphy gave him the gum before Electroshock Therapy and the Chief spoke fo r the first time at the clinic. After this, chief revealed his intelligence to McMurphy. Ken Kesey was always very interested, and was very talented with the subject of psychology. In 1959 he inform to take part in a study named Project mkultra, this was a CIA funded project dealing with psychoactive drugs. Some of the drugs included were LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, AMT, and DMT.This and his work at the submit veterans hospital, which gave him access to LSD, inspired him to write One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. At the state veterans hospital, Kesey spent a lot of time talking to the patients. sometimes under the influence of the hallucinogenic drugs with which he had volunteered to experiment. Kesey did not believe that these patients were insane. Kesey believed that society had pushed them out because they did not fit in the the culture, and that th ey just wanted a rest home to keep all the mentally ill.I think that Kesey was trying to convey to people at mentally ill hospitals were treated in a bad manner. He tried to show people that the mentally ill were probably sheltered away from everybody just because they were different. The hospital portrayed in the film didnt seem to help the patients out or want them to recover and go home. They seemed to have no rights. These patients adjusted to this lifestyle and didnt want to leave, that is a problem when the assumed goal was to improve these peoples problems.The rewards from good behavior seemed nonexistent and He also wanted to show how cruel the punishments were in the hospital. psychoactive 60s Ken Kesey & the Merry Pranksters. Psychedelic 60s Ken Kesey & the Merry Pranksters. University of Virginia / Charlottesville, Virginia, 16 Dec. 2009. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. . I really enjoyed One flew over the Cuckoos Nest. I thought the movie was genius. There were parts of humor, an d it kept you interested and wondering so many things. I enjoyed that there were many main plots and side plots, like the hospital verses the patients, or the patients versus their own recovery.McMurphy was a very mysterious character, because he was crazy, and nobody could figure out if there was anything wrong with him. I though that putting him in that section of the hospital was a mistake, because he is so manipulative and high functioning that he abused all the hospitals loop-holes. At the analogous time he was very good for the patients. I also enjoyed the character and all their different problems and personality differences. I enjoyed watching how Billy and the Chief progressed mentally throughout the film.I also love the thought of people breaking structure, and that is what McMurphy definitely succeeded in. This movie very closely related to psychology, because it directly dealt with people who were mentally ill. Also psychology was involved when McMurphy used his genius mind to go against the hospital in various ways. Thinking of these schemes uses a large amount of psychology. evening for the viewers, the movie left you deep in thought, with predicting and questioning what is going to happen next. This movie made you think deeply making this a very psychological movie.

Bilingualism in the United States Essay

There are many arguments that have advocated for bilingualistism to be boost in the united States. There is one faction that claims it makes foreigners heart accommodated and accommodated and also to facilitate the scholarship of thousands on non- English speaking students who go for studies. On the other hand there are those who claim it leads to a national disunity. The paper will look at these both sides of the debate and lastly take a stand on why the US should provide bilingual services to its immigrants mainly by basing its argument on reasons derived from the benefits gained on its educational, social and scotch aspects.Bilingualism nates be interpreted to mean fluent regular use of two rows in the day to day communication. Scientist have been able to show that existence able to speaktwolanguage is even more fundamental than just being able to have a conversation with individualsof disparate backgrounds. They have proved that bilingualism makes one smarter. Bilingu alism faecal matter have the effect of improving a persons cognitive skills that are in no manner related to language. There is an increasing diversification of ethnic and racial diversification in the unite States today. Currently, over 40 million language-minority people reside in the unify States with the projections expected to increase with snip.Immigrants and learners from whole over the world live in the united state a situation that should naturally pave the panache for bilingualism.Debates surrounding bilingualism have been brought forwardtime and again as the join States population becomes more diverse. The big question remains should English be made the official language? Should there be a prohibition of other languages other than English In politics services and public services and even in schools? Should non-English speakers be taught using their primal language, English or both languages? In short, the debate has time and again been about whether bilingualism should be simply encouraged or outright prohibited. Different scholars presented different views basing their arguments on what the effect of bilingualism may bring to the unite States. Proponents like of English-only argued that bilingual lead to national disunity ethnic group isolation and even encourage economic disparities between the rich and the poor (Mujica, 508). Opponents, on the other hand, felt that the English only movement could violate the civil rights of the migrant in the United States. Considering the follow of non-English speaking immigrants and the number of non-citizen students in the United States, bilingualism should not be an option simplyacivil rightso that no group feels sidelinedThe line of reasoning over bilingual was partly whether bilingual education programs should be introduced into the transcription. It was until min-1960s that bilingual education was initiated. However, bilingual education teacher training was introduced later in 1974 (Garcia, 391). plane though some scholars insist that foreign learners be taught in the English language to since teaching them in their native language would be one way or another delay their education (Crawford, 595). explore shows that the contrary to their beliefs bilingual learning is not time wasting as gives the learners an advantage of acquiring a second languageand be able to continue their learningprocess. Crafordstates that bilinguals program learners t peculiarity to outperform the other non-bilingual counterparts. This fact is supportedby scientific research proving that the bilingual experience improves the brains executive function making such learners good problem solvers than their counterparts. Bilingual children tend to out-perform monolingual children on exercises that require concentration. Research shows that bilingual speakers are better in cognitive control and attention. Proponents of bilingual education assert that any non-English speaking student taught in their mother barbarism and then English, the student is capable of learning English in a more efficient manner. Bilingual program opponents still believe that it does not mainstream the learners into the system of education, hence, put at a disadvantage (Crawford, 594). Contrary to these beliefs the learnersImprove their skills both in English and their native language. When children are exposed to both his native language and English in a learning environment, they will find it shameless to use their mother tongue. It will consequently help them develop a sort of mind thatcan easily conceptualizethe English language. Since United States does not have a national language officially recognized, some groups in the United States believe that the movement of foreign languages poses as threats to the traditional English language. Bilingualism does not in any way corrode the English language in the United States but in turn serves the purpose of interconnecting global communities. Those who do not support bilingual education also argue that it is expensive and wasteful as it has to be done in other languages other than English. Taking into account the outcomes of bilingual education and given the number of non-English speaking people residing in the United States, the cost of this form of education is neither wasteful nor too expensive (Fallows,23).Since the mid- 1900s, what has become explicit is whether individuals should maintain their native language use alongside English or whether English should supplant the original migrant languages. During this period, there came up a number of cases interpreted as sympathetic to towards bilingualism. Bilingualism is important in the United States since it is inhabited by individuals from various backgrounds. This is to ensure that all American citizens especially the migrants feel accepted and not discriminated against. Migrants who are non-English speakers are more likely to feel sidelined, and their civil rights violated i n a setting where they are completely subjected to the traditional American language especially in schools and public service. Mujica argues that it is expensive for the government to isolate non- English speakers linguistically (581). He believes that all migrants should function in the traditional English language given the fact that English is going global. A scenario like the one being proposed by Mujica may lead to some of the migrant communities being completely ignored. Fallow confirms that some of the adult migrants never end up learning the English language (263). This will mean that such adults will never be privileged to government and public service. Bilingualism should be encouraged further so as to enable the migrants fit into the environment. For example, these people may not be able to use the road when every sign is written in English or even buy products when all product description isin English. Bilingualism also is important as it enables the non-English speakin g individuals exercise their primitive rights during major elections in the United StatesSome English speaking individuals may feel that native languages of the migrants such as Spanish are there to rub the English language. Theseresults fromthe constant influx of large counts of migrants added to the increased ethnic awareness. The migrant, on the other hand, may wish to retain their mother tongue as a way of preserving their heritage. These migrants may feel the need to be in touch with their background while in the United States. The native language is one of the major ways of preserving heritage and culture. It is such a treat that inspired S. I. Hayakawa California senator to proposeconstitutional amendments to have English used as the national language. much(prenominal) an amendment was unnecessary since English by defacto is the language used in the United States. English is one of the most established languages worldwide and in the United States therefore it is completel y unreasonable to believe that a small immigrant group living in a neighborhood can threaten its existence.Bilingualism increases the range of people with whom we can interact. It exposes an individual to different cultures, friendship and experiences. Being able to speak a second language does not just ease a persons communication with others it also allows an individual fully to experience the cultures that associatewith that particular language. Languages and cultures are intertwined, and the speaker of a language is exposes to the traditions and beliefs of the native speakers. (Crawford, 959) Believed,that an individual may never become productive without learning the English language. During the drafting of the American constitution, John Adams suggested that English should be used as the United States official language but was rejected on the grounds of incompatibility with the freedom spirit (Hakuta, 165). Being able to speak different languages can open doors to many opportu nities both academician and employment. Crawford says that sometimes immigrants refuse to learn the English language and fail to become useful living off welfare (595). This is a kind of misconception that Americans harbor towards immigrants that without learning the English language, one can never be able to become productive in their life.The issue of bilingualism is as old as human migration itself into the United States. From the pre-colonial time, bilingualism was already widespread and appreciated. Many states have embraced the bilingual programs and dropped the English-only programs. Bilingualism is especially in the education system has enabled learners to achieve their educational goals despite their inability to understand or speak English language. This has been achieves through bilingual educational program. Through the use of bilingual language in the United States, non-English speaking migrants have found themselves being accommodated by the government. The migrants h ave been able to retain their history, culture and heritage. Even though some of the English speakers may feel that their tradition is threatened by the presence of the various native languages in the United States, it is practically impossible for English to be assimilated into the other languages. Even though English is the language, the Americans speak, numerous suggestions had been made in the past to make it the official language in all the states. This was because some individuals felt threatened by the rapid growth of the migrant communities.ReferencesFallows, James. ENGLISH HAS nonentity TO FEAR-VIVA BILINGUALISM. New Republic 195.21 (1986) 18-19.Crawford, James. Bilingual education History, politics, theory, and practice. Trenton, NJ Crane Publishing Company, 1989.Garca, E. Spring/Summer. Directors Note. In E. Aguilar (Ed.), Focus on diversity, 1, (2), pp. 1-2. University of California, Santa Cruz National rivet for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learn ing. 1992a,Hakuta, Kenji. Mirror of language The debate on bilingualism. Basic Books, 1986.Mujica, Mauro E. At Issue Should English Be the Official Language of the United States? CQ Researcher 19 Jan. 1996 65.Source document

Themes in Frankenstein

Shelley uses multiple narrators, nested and frame narratives and an epistolary style to tell the story of Frankenstein. Comment on the effect of these and why she may have done this.bloody shame Shellys novel Frankenstein was written in 1818. The author uses antithetical types of techniques to occasion a variety of different narrators and points of views by using a play of epistolary. Frame narration is also another great part of the novel that supports the complexity of layers in the book. These help present the suspicion element, characters point of view, the similarity mingled with the main characters, and all toldow the reader to develop a personal opinion without the author resorting to the braid of an omniscient narrator.The book starts with the letters from Robert Walton describing his voyage to the North Pole and his sighting of an ill man, who Walton later nurses back to health A man in woful condition pg.11. After a recovery, the stranger, Victor Frankenstein, tells him the story of his life. The letters set up the novel and create suspicion due to the reader not acute what the significance of these letters is. However, Walton is the first of the characters that tells his story, which gives the reader an advantage to conclude for himself about his opinion towards the different characters. This device, frame narrative, establishes a complex layer of stories, hence, the reader listens to Victors story, so does Walton, and Waltons sister to him.Throughout the story, Victor occasionally interrupts and addresses Walton directly, or when Walton signs the letters he is sending off to his sister. These are the first encounters with the different language devices that Mary Shelly uses to create more depth in addition to a different structure to other books. Moreover, the reader is compelled to give more attention to the book, in order to pick up the plot, and have an own opinion about the different situations in the book.Furthermore, the letters also display the similarity between Walton and Victor, since they both seek to discover and empty objectives for the world. For example Walton describes how it go forth benefit the entire human race Inestimable benefit on all mankind to the last generation (pg.16 Walton) and Victor states that it will reveal the greatest power in the world pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation (pg.49 Victor). The ambition to radiation pattern out the answer drives them both to their death and that of other innocent lives, demonstrating how the pursuit to solve such mysteries, with desire and determination, can result differently than ones expectations.On the other hand the letters also surface the resemblance between other characters. Walton and the creation, Frankenstein, both present their loneliness and their wish to find a comrade to pct their stories. The isolation and loneliness in the novel is one of the most significant themes, which are presented throughout the form of epistolary. In the opening of the letters Walton expresses his lonesomeness I shall commit my thoughts to paper, it is true but that is a poor medium for the communication of feeling.I desire the company of a man who could sympathize with me, whose eyes would resolution to mine. You may deem me romantic, my dear sister, but I bitterly feel the want of a friend (Shelley 10). This is one of the first encounters with the theme, but later on this suffering repeats itself with the creation, Frankenstein, When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, the, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned?Chap. 13 pg. 105 The most appropriate reason why Mary Shelly would come to such a structure, would be to show the similarity between a normal human and a creature, also known as a monster, and matching hopes of not resulting abandoned. Mary Shelly questions here if humans and monster share a simila rity, and if the humans can also posses these qualities of monsters. This insight to the emotions and perspectives of the characters, establishes an insight for the reader to their feelings and deeper thoughts, as well as a bond between the reader and character. Mary shelly motivates the reader to develop a personal opinion about these characters and the entire story and to judge whether or no the creature is a monster or simply misunderstood.Frankenstein has a very creative structure that helps create a meaningful effect on the reader, and compelling story. This form of frame narration, multiple different perspectives, provides us with the opportunity to develop our own opinion towards the characters and their actions. Not only opinionsare formed, but we also come to realize that creatures and humans, in this novel, share authorized similarities. These can be interpreted that us humans have traits, similar to monsters, or the other way around. Overall, the novel has effects that c annot be established if the form of epistolary would have not been applied. This shows the complexity of layers in this novel and how the variety stimulates the story and provokes the reader.

Bidding For Hertz: Leveraged Buyout Essay

TO ACCESS THIS DOCUMENTThis is a protected document. The first two pages argon available for everyone to see, but only faculty members who have verified faculty status with Darden Business publish are able to view this entire control copy.User giveSubmitVERIFIED FACULTYIf you have verified faculty status with Darden Business Publishing, simply enter the resembling username that you use on the Darden Business Publishing Web site, and then click Submit. Please note that this is an inspection copy and is not for classroom use.Faculty RegisterUNVERIFIED FACULTYIf you are tenet faculty and do not yet have verified faculty access with Darden Business Publishing, delight click on the Faculty Register combine and submit your information requesting verified faculty access.Buy slip-up NowOTHER USERSIf you would like to read the full document, click on Buy Case Now to be redirected to the Darden Business Publishing Web site where you can purchase this and other Darden cases.If you have a ny questions or need technical help, please contact Darden Business Publishing at 1-800-246-3367 or emailsalesdardenbusinesspublishing.comDocument Id 0000-1402-9024-00009159The protectedpdf technology is Copyright 2006 Vitrium Systems Inc. All Rights Reserved. Patents Pending.UVA-F-1560Rev. April 17, 2009BIDDING FOR HERTZ LEVERAGED BUYOUTOverviewIn tardy summer 2005, Greg Ledford, managing director and head of automotive and transportation buyouts at the Carlyle free radical, found himself examining his BlackBerry atop the Great Wall of China. Though he had planned to be sightseeing with his daughter, his immediate focus was to finalize the terms of the second-largest leveraged buyout in history. The target in question was oscillation, a subsidiary of the cross Motor Company, which was up for sale. Ledford postulate to decide the price he and his co-investors would offer for bicycle as well as assess the potential returns and risks of the deal. Already months of work, many do llars of collect diligence, and arrangement of doubtful financing had gone into the bid. Complicating matters, he knew he faced tough competition from a rival buyout group, no doubt engaged in a standardized process.The race to win Hertz had been set in motion several months earlier, when William Clay Ford Jr., the chairman and CEO of Ford, announced plans to explore strategic alternatives for Hertz in April 2005. That announcement was followed in June 2005 by the filing of an S-1 registration statement setting up a dual track process that would result in a Hertz IPO should other sale prospects fail. Ledford, who spoke to senior Ford managers on a regular basis, had gleaned that there was interest on Fords part for an outright sale of Hertz. He believed a private sale that was competitive with an IPO would be viewed favorably by Ford due to its greater upfront cash proceeds and certainty of execution. When no strategic buyer surfaced, Carlyle, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R), and Merrill Lynch Global PrivateEquity (collectively Bidding Group) joined forces to bid on Hertz. It faced competition from another buyout consortium that included Texas Pacific Group, Blackstone, Thomas H. Lee Partners LP, and Bain Capital LLC.This case was prepared by Susan Chaplinsky, Professor of Business Administration, Darden Graduate School of Business, and Felicia Marston, Professor, McIntire School of Commerce. It was written as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate impressive or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright 2008 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights reserved. To order copies, send an e-mail to salesdardenbusinesspublishing.com. No part of this military issue may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the permission of the Darden School Foundation. Rev. 4/09.UVA-F-1560Hertz Ownership HistoryHertzs ownership history was characterized by a series of sales, public offerings, and leveraged buyouts (Exhibit 1).1 The company was first established in 1918 by 22-twelvemonth-old Walter L. Jacobs as a car rental operation with a underage inventory of 12 Model T Fords that Jacobs personally had repaired and repainted. The venture was immediately successful, leading Jacobs to expand and generate annual revenues of approximately of $1 million deep down five years. At the $1 million mark, in 1923, Jacobs sold his company to John Hertz, president of Yellow Cab and Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company, who gave his name to the company, creating Hertz Drive-Ur-Self System and a brand name that had endured ever since.John Hertz sold his investment three years later to General Motors (GM). In 1953, GM in turn sold the Hertz properties to the Omnibus Corporation, which simplified the companys name to The Hertz Corporation in connection with a public stock offering on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In late 1987,together with Hertz management, Ford Motor Company participated in a management buyout of the company. Hertz later became an independent, wholly owned subsidiary of Ford in 1994. Less than three years later, Ford issued a nonage stake of shares through a public offering on the NYSE on April 25, 1997. In early 2001, Ford reacquired the outstanding shares of Hertz and the company once again became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company.Hertz Financial History and Business SegmentsThe large investor interest in Hertz everyplace time was due in part to the companys proven financial ability. In fact, the company had produced a pretax profit each year since 1967. During the purpose 1985 to 2005, revenues had grown at a compound annual growth rate of 7.6% with positive year-over-year growth in 18 of those 20 years. Over the past same period, Hertz had emerged as a truly global enter prise it had car rental operations in 145 countries, and more than 30% of its total revenues were from extraneous of the United States. Hertz was among the most globally recognized brands and had been listed in BusinessWeeks 100 Most Valuable Global Brands (limited to public companies) in 2005 and every year since it was eligible for inclusion.Hertz currently operated in two business segments car rental (Hertz Rent A Car or RAC) and equipment rental (Hertz Equipment Rental Company or HERC). In 2005, it was estimated that RAC would comprise 81% of company revenues and HERC 19%. RAC was supported by a network of franchises that together with company-owned facilities operated in more than 7,600 airport and local locations throughout the world. The company led its competition in the airport car rental market in Europe with operations at 69 major airports. Hertz owned and leased cars from more than 30 manufacturers, most of which it had long-term leasing.

Frederick Douglass Essay

Life has numerous ups and downs. It is equivalent a roller coaster ride in that it takes many turns. All the way through the carriage of a person, there will be good prison terms and celebrations along with bad times and grief. The close significant thing to remember is to think positive and always stay heavy mentally even at your lowest points. Frederick Douglass is a name of struggle. be born into break singles backry, he pillow slipd many hardships throughout his life that people of today will neer know, moreover overcome all of them because of his relentlessness to never flip over up, his passion to learn, be his own man, and more significantly staying strong mentally and keeping faith in deity. Mental stiffness is when all things expect to be going wrong and there argon no signs of hope, but you continue to strive for what you believe in, and Douglass did a good job of that. Douglass never gives up even when there appears to be no hope, and in the end is rewarded fo r all of his commitment. later on the whole thing Douglass goes through, in the end he is non allow his freedom, but instead takes it on his own and his dream of being free is no longer a dream but in fact reality. Douglass resided in Baltimore intermittently from his arrival in the city in 1826 at the age of eight until he escaped from bondage twelve years later. Reflecting the uncertainties of black life in antebellum Baltimore, Douglass could state that a city slave is almost a free man compared with a slave on the plantation and wail that while in Baltimore I often found myself regretting my own existence and wishing myself dead (Narrative 50, 56).Douglasss conflicting impressions of his adolescence as a slave in Baltimore, impressions of comparative liberty and abject despair, reflected the larger paradox of African-American life in the city that claimed Americas largest black population at the time of the Civil struggle. Located on the border of slavery and freedom, Balti more created space for African Americans to develop dynamic institutions that proved very important to their post-emancipation history.Yet these institutions developed to a lower place harsh restrictions on the freedom of non-slave African Americans that white Baltimoreans devised to replace the increasingly impractical bonds of slavery. blacken agency amid the constraints and opportunities of an urban slave society gave Douglass with his first schoolroom in the limits of freedom for nineteenth-century African Americans. When Douglasss mother Harriet Bailey died he was hardly affected by the news for the reason that he rarely seen her.Douglasss make was a white man slaveholders usually impregnated their females slaves to increase the number of slaves they have. As a child Douglass didnt work in the field because children werent strong enough. Therefore, he had free time to do other things besides tasks. Sometimes he would go along wit the Colonels grandson, Daniel, as a servant when he went hunting. Daniel in time became close to Douglass which was an advantage. But, Douglass still suffered because slave children were only given a long linen shirt, therefore in the pull aheadter he would be really cold.When Douglass was eight years old he was selected to go to Baltimore to live with Hugh auld. Douglass was not sad to leave the plantation because he had no family or any sense of home that children usually had. He believes that if he had not been removed that he would still be a slave today. Douglass was amazed how kind his new was un corresponding other white women she did not punish him for looking her in the eye. But, after some time, her kindness turned to cruelty, and she exclusively changed as a person. When Douglass first moved in with the Aulds, Mrs.Auld began teaching him the alphabet and some small words. When her husband found out he request her to sop because education ruins slaves, making them unmanageable and unhappy. Douglass overhears th is and comes up with the strategy of what white men use to enslave blacks. From that he now understands what he has to do to win his freedom. Douglass lived in the Aulds household for seven years, he was able to learn how to train and write. Mrs. Auld became hardened and cruel and no longer tutored him. But, Douglass already learned the alphabet and was strong-minded to learn how to read.Auld rents Douglass for one year to Edward Covey, who was known for breaking slaves. For the first six months Covey worked and whipped everything out of Douglass to the point where he no longer cared about reading or freedom. This all changed when Douglass and Covey had a clash and after the fight Covey never touched Douglass further again. Douglass was then rented to William Freeland, even though Freeland was milder and a fairer man, he was still going to escape. Frederick went on to become a famous orator, U. S. minister to Haiti, and a leader of his people.Douglass, similar the other slaves is not born with this mental toughness, but acquires it mainly through his faith in God, hard work, and knowledge to read and write. Douglass faith in God is crucial because Douglass can turn to God at any point in his life. When Douglass is at his lowest, his faith in God is always there to come on him up. O God, save me God, deliver me Let me be free (72). Their are times where Douglass questions God because of brutal conditions with Mr. Covey, but Douglass still stays strong mentally and spiritually, and that is key to taking his freedom.Douglass has a strong mind of his own, and does not let anyone or anything change what he believes is right. Conditions for slaves are pretty very much severe everyplace they go. Slaves work long hard hours, for pretty much nothing, and to go along with that are poorly nourished. Douglass is lucky enough to be sent to Baltimore to live with the Aulds because conditions are a slightly easier there, but most importantly because that is where he l earns to read and write. Luckily for Douglass, Mrs. Auld teaches him the alphabet and small words before her heart turns to stone. Very soon after I went to live with Mr.and Mrs. Auld, she very kindly commenced to teach me the A, B, C. After I had learned this, she assisted me in learning to spell words of three or four letters. (45). Although reading lessons with Mrs. Auld eventually stop, this does not stop Douglass in trying to acquire as much knowledge as possible. This makes Douglass even hungrier for knowledge because he knows that being literate is key to being free. The poor white children of the neighborhood eventually teach Douglass how to read in return for some food. As many of these as I could, I converted into teachers.With their kindly aid, obtained at antithetic times and in distinguishable places, I finally travel alonged in learning to read. (49). This is crucial for Douglass to gain his freedom, and help him believe in himself. Although brutal times are shor tly ahead for Douglass at Mr. Coveys, the slave tamer, this knowledge and insight is definitely one of the major factors that helps him get through it. Before going to Mr. Coveys, Douglass been through a serve up of mental and physical pain, but he does not know the worst is yet to come. Because of his disobedience and excessive curiosity in Baltimore, Douglass master sends him to Mr.Coveys, who is one of the cruelest slave tamers around. Douglass states that the first six months with Mr. Covey are unbearable. Douglass first task is to guide the oxen, and when he fails he barely leaves with his life. Covey whips him repeatedly, and continues to do so for weeks. Coveys extreme work and brutal punishments drain Douglass mentally and physically he feels his hope for freedom is slipping away. This is where Douglass faith in God is crucial because he literally has no one else to turn to except God. It seems as if Douglass is about to let Mr.Covey win, and believe that all he is put on t his earth to do is slave for others. But one day as Mr. Covey tries tying Douglass up for another brutal debacle Douglass defends himself and finds the courage within him to stand up to Mr. Covey by fighting back. Douglass injures Mr. Covey to the point where he is bleeding. Because of his courage to stand up for himself, Covey never lays a finger on Douglass again. This part of the autobiography is indeed a turning point because it restores Douglass confidence that he always had inside of him, and makes him believe that he will one day be a free man.This battle with Mr. Covey was the turning- point in my career as a slave. It rekindled the hardly a(prenominal) expiring embers of freedom, and bring to within me a sense of my own manhood. (78). This is indeed the turning point in his life because he stands up for what he believes in and actually wins. After this point Douglass is extremely confident in himself, and due to the knowledge he gains and his mental strength he is able to get through possibly his hardest barricade in his life. I did not hesitate to let it be known of me, that the white man who expected to succeed in whipping, must in like manner succeed in killing me. (78). This is such a powerful line in that it shows Douglass relentlessness to never give up, and it shows that he is once again strong, not unavoidably physically, but more importantly mentally. This turning point helps Douglass stay on track, and eventually helps him escape to New York City. After New York Douglass goes to Massachusetts were he meets emancipationist Garrison, and is eventually employed as an abolitionist. All in all, Frederick Douglass achieves his goals due to hard work and his passion to learn.After all, the struggle throughout his life, Douglass dream finally comes true, and it could not have happened to a more deserving man. One more Douglass master was Mr. Gore who was a key example of the many white people who let their power go to their heads. Frederick Douglass lived a hard life as a slave as pretty much all slaves did. He is pushed to the limit mentally and physically, and although there are times Douglass almost breaks down, he never lets that happen to him. By learning how to read and write he realizes that knowledge is power, just like it is today. Ignorance is ugly, and he does not want that to happen to him.Douglass knowledge helps open doors for him that he would never have opened if he was not educated. Frederick Douglass is an amazing man, and shows that if you are strong mentally you can accomplish anything you put your mind too. Douglass accounts in his thrilling and morbid firsthand account of slavery in the south. Douglass lets the reader look at slavery in a style that reflects the desperation of slave life. Points covered range from the exploitation of slave women by their white masters to the violent treatment, and in some cases murder of slaves, to the back-breaking labor and lack of personal time.The biography in cludes chilling accounts of his mother. She walked twelve miles every night to see him, in infancy, and when she died, Douglass was not even allowed to peach her burial. This was common practice in those times, but to the modern reader, this is quite appalling. Douglass life was only made more complicated by the accusation that his master, Captain Anthony, was also his father. The treatment of these mixed children was often worse than that of regular slave children due to the fact that the mistress of the house felt animosity towards them.As a result, Frederick had to face the wrath of Captain Anthonys wife. What made Douglass experiences truly unique was the fact that he learned how to read and write. Most slaves were killed if they were caught doing so but in Douglass case, he was very lucky. When he was sent to Baltimore, Sophia Auld, his new mistress, taught him how to read a few simple words. From that point, he taught himself new words everyday through The Columbian Orator, a collection of speeches and essays dealing with liberty, democracy, and courage. Douglass saw this as his ticket to freedom.Douglass sheds some light on several areas such as the reason behind the slave songs and what it feels like to watch a family member be beaten and abused. His narrative does a very thorough job of conveying the slave experience to an audience that has no idea. The image conjured of slave owners and all of southern society in the 18th and 19th century is a negative one. This caricature holds shockingly true in Douglass narrative. However, there is a lot more complexity to Southern society show in Douglass well-crafted words. There are different kinds of slave owners in different parts of the south.People like Captain Anthony and Thomas Auld, who reside in the deep south, are cruel to the slaves they own, as they are property. Like the cotton gin, they are there to turn a profit. As long as they can work and do work, nothing else really matters. In Baltimore, a d ifferent typewrite of slave owner is known. Sophia and Hugh Auld live next to neighbors that do not own slaves and are therefore, conscious of how they treat their slaves in public. Sophia had not even owned slaves before Douglass, so in the beginning, she was very kind and treated Douglass as you would treat any child.The abolitionist movement is a larger concern in Baltimore, because it is in the very streets. In the deeper south, though they are concerned about slaves escaping and abolitionists, the threat is not as axiomatic. Douglass also exposes the false piety of slave owners. though many of them are bible thumping, none of them truly understands the lessons they are preached. Douglass analyzes the moral woes of slavery and the unnatural state that all involved are subjected to. Douglass words give the reader a depiction of southern life and morality in an intricate and intriguing way, which is fair and abrasively honest.In modern times, people think of slavery and think tha t it was north against south. In reality, many Northerners were indifferent to the plight of slaves. When Fredrick Douglass first escapes to the north, he finds that there are many people who support slavery and many that oppose it, but most of them are indifferent. This is because most northerners have no idea what is going on in the south. Therefore, they are ignorantly blissful with their lives. Douglass communicate this issue in letter to an abolitionist associate. Douglass moved to New Bedford in the year 1838 and found work as a caulker for whaling ships.In New Bedford, he decided to drop the name Bailey, in order to defend himself from slave catchers, and became famous as Frederick Douglass. Between the time of 1790 and 1860, the institution of slavery declined in Baltimore but the boundaries of African-American freedom narrowed significantly. When free black people posed little threat to white people, as in the 1790s, whites imposed relatively few limitations on them. But a s the free black population grew so did racial competition for jobs and social power. White privilege responded to the dynamism of free blacks by circumscribing their liberty.Douglass lived in Baltimore when free African Americans made considerable economic gains and expanded an already powerful network of black institutions. By the time of the Civil War whites rolled back many of the gains of the 1830s and pushed free blacks to the edge of slavery. Douglass first witnessed white racism towards free black people during this tightening of Baltimores restrictions on non-slave African Americans that coincided with slaverys end.Work citedBrowne, Gary Lawson. Baltimore in the Nation, 1789-1861. Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press, 1980. Douglass, Frederick. Letter to an abolitionist associate. In Organizing for Social Change A Mandate for occupation in the 1990s. Edited by K. Bobo, J. Kendall, and S. Max. Washington, D. C. Seven Locks Press. 1849 (1991) Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. 1892. New York Collier, 1962. Douglass, Frederick. My Bondage and My Freedom. 1855. New York Dover, 1969. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. 1845. New York Penguin, 1968. Fields, Barbara Jeanne. Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground Maryland during the Nineteenth Century. New Haven Yale University Press, 1985.Frey, Sylvia. Water from the Rock Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1991. Gardner, Bettye. Ante-bellum Black genteelness in Baltimore. Maryland Historical Magazine 71 (Fall 1976) 360-366. Gardner, Bettye. Free Blacks in Baltimore, 1800-1860. Diss. George Washington University, 1974. Garonzik, Joseph. Urbanization and the Black Population of Baltimore, 1850-1870. Diss. State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1974. Graham, Leroy. Baltimore The Nineteenth-Century Black Capital. New York University Press of America, 1982.Maryland. House of Delegates. An Act Re lating to Paupers, Beggars, Vagrants, Vagabonds and Disorderly Persons in the City of Baltimore. The Laws of Maryland ch. 116. March 10, 1854. Muller, Edward K. and Paul A. Groves. The Emergence of Industrial Districts in Mid-Nineteenth Century Baltimore. geographic Review 69 (1979) 159-177. Steffen, Charles G. The Mechanics of Baltimore Workers and Politics in the Age of Revolution, 1763-1812. Urbana University of Illinois Press, 1984. Wesley, Charles H. Richard Allen Apostle of Freedom. 1935. Washington Associated Publishers, 1969.

The Intergenerational Differences

The Intergenerational Differences of the Nipponese canadian issei, nisei, and sansei In the wake of World War II, The Nipponese Issei and Nisei both experienced extreme racial prejudices brought about by pre-existing anti-Asian racism and fear driven panic from the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and as a consequent became enemy aliens. However, pre-war intergenerational differences between the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei such as conventional values, education, language, and age directly influenced the differences of the reactions that the Issei and Nisei had during the prooting and impoundment of Japanese Canadians during World War II. The racism and prejudices against the Japanese Canadians can be traced back to when Japanese Immigrants freshman began to settle in Canada. This hatred was mainly triggered by the Canadians em. y of the Japanese Canadians hard work, discipline, and contempt with the sm all in all(a) pay and living standards that were pushed upon them. l Many o f the Japanese Canadian Issei spent an average of 30 years working as fisherman, small business owners, and farmers, and due to the looming racism were declargond to be unable to engage into Canadian Society.As a firmness Japanese Canadians Formed small communities in which they lived. Ken Adachi best summarizes the effectuate of this pre-war racism of the Japanese Canadians in this passage from his book The Enemy That Never Was Canadian society all at once totally rejected the Japanese, confronted them with negative sanctions, and app arently doomed them and their Canadian born children to remain, in essence, a permantley alien, non-voting population.But at the same time, few immigrant Japanese wanted any part in the big society. 3 This passage helps explain why the Canadian-born Nisei children experienced the same prejudices as their Japanese- born parents despite the fact that they were Canadian-educated and had little if any to the Japanese way of life. 4 It is important t o note the generation differences that existed among the Canadian Japanese Issei and Nisei prior to World War II.The Japanese Canadian Issei continued to practice traditional Japanese values, ideals and undemocratic parenting style in their adopted homeland. The Issei tried to pass these ideals down to their children, however the childrens involvement in the Canadian school district had a greater nfluence on the Nisei children and pushed them away from the Japanese ideals of their parents, and towards that of the due western Cultures. In fact, the legal age of Japanese Canadian Nisei and Sansei disliked the compel Japanese teachings so much that Muriel Kitagawa explained that when the three Japanese newspapers and Japanese schools shut down hobby the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Nisei and Sansei were overjoyed because they had more time to play6 Immediately following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7 1942, the Canadian giving medication began the persecution and suspic ion of all Japanese Canadians.On December 8 1942 the Royal Canadian Navvy impounded 1,200 vessels owned by Japanese Nationals. 7 The Issei willingly obliged to the confiscation despite the fact that their in sum up relied on the vessels8. It is important to note that when the decision to void all males of Japanese descent between the ages of 18 and 45 from the West Coast into the interior, there were lonesome(prenominal) 5,000 of the 13,600 Nisei who were over twenty years of age. 9 The effects of the evacuation, tore the Japanese community apart.As a result of the uprooting and incarcerations, Japanese schools nd newspapers were shut down, which had a huge effect on the Japanese Canadian Issei because legion(predicate) had a very small knowledge of the English language so they relied on the Japanese newspapers for schooling on the war. After the shutdown of Japanese newspapers and the confiscation of radios and other communication devices, the Imprisoned Issei had little mover of knowing what was going on, and mainly relied on circulating rumors.The effect of the uprooting and evacuation caused the Japanese Canadian Issei to be torn between their mother country Japan and their adopted country Canada. During this time many Issei chose to morsel toward Japan for comfort and reacted to the expulsion by following their Japanese principles of cooperating with the Canadian Government, and accepted their punishment and had belief in Japans victory. 0 This excerpt from the diary of Koichiro Miyazaki explains his feelings during expulsion, We Japanese who are overseas, have been isolated in enemy countries and our families are scattered. But despite our hardships we believe that everything is for our native countrys future. This credit keeps me going. I believe that I am not the only one filled with confidence. 1 1 The Nisei generation had little to no traditional ties to their parents mother land Japan, and thought themselves to be completely Canadian.Many Ni sei such as Muriel Kitagawa tried to maintain a positive outlook when the expulsion of Japanese Canadians first went into effect and tried to rationalize the Canadian Governments actions and had faith that they would protect the true Japanese Canadian Nisei. 12 Like the Issei many Nisei encouraged Japanese Canadians to assist with the government, and have faith in the RCMP. However political and age differences within the Nisei society, caused some Nisei to react other than to the expulsion. Many younger Nisei tried to fght against the Canadian Government and refuse to obey.These Nisei experienced severe backlash from the Government and were immediately imprisoned or beaten. 13 As the war continued the expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast was no longer Just for the men but now for stack of all people of Japanese origin, including women and children. At this point the Canadian Government has full control over Japanese Canadians post and can sell it without the owners consent, and many Japanese Canadian families have been separated from the uprooting.On August 4 1944 primary Minister King states that it is desirable that Japanese Canadians are dispersed across Canada. Applications for reparation to Japan are sought by the Canadian ernment. Those who do not apply must move east of the Rockies to audition their loyalty to Canada. The Issei faced the difficult decision to apply for reparation and be back in their known homeland where some still had family, however the Issei who had been separated from their family during the expulsion faced the fear of their family being go forth behind to suffer in camps.Some Issei who chose to apply got their application denied and were orced to move across the Rockies, this caused many Issei to lose all hope of ever returning to Japan. 14 The Nisei, even those who initially trusted the Canadian Government to calculate care of the loyal and innocent citizens, felt that they had been absolutely betrayed by the country that they loved. They were being forced to take hold up everything that they own and had worked so hard for Just to prove their loyalty to Canada.Some younger Nisei reacted to the move with an gallant spirit, however many Nisei that had families of their own were faced with a very difficult decision with very uncertain outcomes. 5 Muriel Kitagawa voices her concerns in a letter to her brother And the Nisei, repudiated by the only land they know, no curative anywhere. Sure we can move somewhere on our own, but a Job? Who will regimen the family? Will they hire a Jap? Where can we go that will allow us to come? The only place to go is the Camp the Government will provide when it gets around to it.Ah, but we are bewildered and bitter and uncertain. 16 The expulsion of the Japanese Canadians from the West Coast during World War II Shattered the strong communities that existed among both the Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei. Hard-working people were fired from their Jobs by employers that they had worked many loyal years for solely because of their race. The property that they worked for and and rightfully owned, could be taken away from them with as little as 24-hour notice, and sold by the Canadian Government without the need of consent from the owner.Families were torn apart and sent to camps where they were forced to work and live in harsh and extreme conditions. Despite the fact that both Japanese Canadian Issei and Nisei experienced these hardships as a result of he uprooting and expulsion during World War II, intergenerational differences such as traditional values, education, language and age, directly influenced the different and changing reactions that the Issei and Nisei had throughout their experience of expulsion from Canadas west slide during World War II.

Damien Hirst Art Paper

Bailey Pennington Art October 30, 2012 Damien Hirst Damien Hirst was born in Bristol, England, on June 7, 1965. Hirst is a controversial and successful artist He emerged as a leading figure in the Young British Artists movement in the late 1980s and 1990s. His works, which include dead animal displays and spin-art paintings, present sold for exceptionally high prices. Hirst is one of the wealthiest artists living today. Hirst and his American girlfriend live in Devon, England, with their tether sons.Damien Hirst denominateed an interest in the grisly and gruesome aspects of life early on. His mother described him as a morbid child. As a teenager, Hirst liked to look at illustrated pathology books, fascinated by the images of disease and injury. He also showed an interest in drawing, a passion his mother supported. Hirst got into trouble as teenager, and was caught shoplifting twice. simply despite his behavior he did end up graduating at Goldsmiths College at the University of Lo ndon.In 1991, Hirst had his first solo disposition at the Woodstock Street Gallery in London. He also participated in the Young British Artists show at the Saatchi Gallery the following year. There he displayed The Physical Impossibility of Death in the take heed of Someone Living, a 14-foot-long glass tank with a shark preserved in formaldehyde. The shark had been bought from an Australian fisherman. Hirst continued to set the art world on fire with his work at the 1993 Venice Bienniale, a known international art exhibition.There he showed Mother and Child Divided, an installation piece that featured a bisected cow and her calf displayed in four vitrines, or glass cases, filled with formaldehyde. With his controversial and sometimes gruesome works, Hirst short became one of the best known artists in Britain. He won the prestigious Turner Prize in 1995. Its amazing what you can do with an E in A-Level art, a twisted imagination and a chainsaw, Hirst state in his acceptance speec h.

Urdu As A Modern Language In The Uk Education Essay

AbstractionThe spate was designed to look into the after look of Urdu in the UK. British born Asians were the population of the survey. The survey was a adopt type which was delimited to the schools of Lancashire, Midlands and cod west Midlands and cardinal school from each was the sample of the survey. Questionnaire was employ as a investigate tool and 40 five questionnaires were distributed to roll up informations from which 40 responses could be possible. Parameters of involvement were, geezerhoods, accent ( Natural ) , mother glossa, gender, cover chargeographic points of survey, centering stratums and tradition of Urdu. After analysis of informations, it was found that hereafter of Urdu in the UK is bright and it enjoys still or so(prenominal) norm solelyy single- appraised functiond community lingual confabulation among Asians. Fin ally, countries of consideration atomic number 18 suggested that go away let us to heighten the survey of Urdu and too do it an instrument of societal development ( wellness, societal caution etcetera) .Research examination and context Urdu is a living linguistic communicating and has a bright hereafter in the UK .During the source s PGCE arrangement at School, the caput instructor verbalize and by and large believed that Urdu is lo carol its entreaty to British born Asiatic scholars as pargonnts elect to learn a linguistic colloquy other than Urdu to their Children. The author besides realized and observed that students project had less motivation towards Urdu as compared to other linguistic communions. So, in the visible radiation of the generator s observations and the caput instructor s plazas the writer conducted a arena to acquire a better reckon ab let on the hereafter of Urdu in the UK. There may be a set of grounds behind this deficiency of indigence but the writer foc partd on following inquiriesWhy is Urdu less appealing to British scholars?What are the beginnings of larning Ur du in the UK?What are the involvements of British Asians for larning Urdu?How do British Asiatics use Urdu linguistic communication in their anyday life?Which composing throw of Urdu is favorite(a) by British Asians in the UK?How is it possible to advance and continue Urdu through electronic and print media?Does Urdu convey a modern teaching method to get by with modern demands?Literature reassessmentLanguage seems to yield nigh(prenominal) utilizations like, a agency of communicating, an instrument of conveying cognition and an look of cultural and originative impulses of a community. A linguistic communication is the emblem of its reprimanders. Each linguistic communication determines a alone manner of sing the universe. It encapsulates the Torahs and traditions and beliefs of its cultural group. ( R.M.W.Dixen.1997135 ) . So is the instance with the linguistic communication of Urdu as, harmonizing to George Weber s article hint Languages The World s 10 about Influenti al Languages in Language Today, Hindi/Urdu is the 4th al to the highest degree spoken linguistic communication in the universe, with 4.7 per centum of the universe s population, after Mandarin, slope, and Spanish .Urdu is a confederation Asiatic linguistic communication spoken in Pakistan as a watch linguistic communication ( Qaumi Zabaan ) . Urdu is besides one of the officially recognized linguistic communications in India and has official linguistic communication position in the Indian provinces of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and the national capital, New Delhi. In Indian administered Kashmir, Urdu is the primary official linguistic communication. It is the lone province in India where Urdu has been crock upn such a position.Harmonizing to Mehrab on line break down on International Urdu Conference Urdu has no boundary and has its roots all over the universe . BBC Urdu tissuesite provinces Urdu is closely relate to Hindi. Urdu is spoken as a st art linguistic communication by over 60 zillion people ( including 10 million in Pakistan and 48 million in India ) .Masica ( 1991 22 ) describes Urdu as property no specific territorial base, in the sense that thither is no vicinity or fare of vicinities in the Indian sub-continent that rotter be pointed out at as an Urdu-speaking country. However, Urdu is demographically minuteant in another(prenominal) manner as good. It is wide used as a second linguistic communication end-to-end the Muslim communities of southwest Asia. As Schmidt ( 199916 ) says, Urdu is besides spoken in Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Nepal, and has become the cultural linguistic communication and lingua franca of the South Asiatic Muslim diasporas outside the subcontinent .Urdu in BritainThe relationship between Urdu and Britain is non raw(a) it started around three and a half hundred old ages ago when the British entered into the sub-continent as a bargainer and established the East India Comp some (prenominal). British studied in deepness the civilization, lingual, societal and economic background of the sub-continent and they realised that to obtain sound political power they needed to larn the linguistic communication of the land. To defend through this determination they established Fort William College in Calcutta. It was founded on July 10, 1800.Harmonizing to Wikipedia Fort William College was an academy and acquisition center plain for Oriental surveies established by Lord Wellesley, so Governor-General of British India .Gilchrist was named caput of the college and he produced a batch of lit in Urdu. Queen Victoria hired an Indian Muslim to learn her Urdu and his portrayal merchantman still be seen in the Royal Palace. Manama Afkaar Printed Urdu in Britain particular figure and on the form of address page in that location is a image of Queen Victoria with Munshi Abdul Karim ( the Queen s Urdu Tutor ) . ( appendix1 ) digest Joshua Keterlaer, the Dutch embass ador to India, wrote Urdu s first grammar circa 1715. Written in Latin, it was named Grammatical Indostanica , as Indostan, Indostani, and Hindustani are among the different names Urdu has had through centuries. In 1741, Benjamin Schultz, a German missionary, wrote Grammatica Indostanica in Latin. The first-ever grammar of Urdu in English was written by a MrGliston. John Gilchrist had besides written a grammar book of Urdu himself but it was a British military officer named Hadley who was credited with authorship and printing the first-ever grammar of Urdu in English.There were two national Urdu conferences held in the UK. The first was held at the SOAS on Saturday, 8th December, 1979. The 2nd Urdu national conference was called by the Urdu Majlis ( UK ) , the move for Multicultural Education and it s took topographic point on April 24th-25th, 1981 in London. Both conferences were a abundant success towards the function of Urdu instruction in the UK.Professor Ralph Russell was a British bookman of Urdu literature and his scholarly question earned him a unique and enduring topographic point among great names of Urdu literature. He did rattling(a) ladder to advance and do Urdu popular in the UK.Harmonizing to company linguistic communications in higher(prenominal) instruction study 2008 Urdu is top of the chart and it is most widely spoken community linguistic communication in the UK. See chart infraBeginning Community languages in higher instruction study 2008, p11.Urdu is a linguistic communication spoken either as a first or 2nd linguistic communication by a subdivision of British Asiatic people, peculiarly those of Pakistani heritage. It is widely spoken in the UK by immigrants and their posterities. As stated by the BBC Urdu web site The Urdu community in the UK Numberss about one million talkers. The Urdu community in the UK is rattling frequently larger than the Hindi community. Most of those who post themselves as Urdu talkers use a assortmen t of Punjabi as the linguistic communication of the brand, and speak Urdu as a 2nd linguistic communication for spiritual and cultural grounds. The overpowering people comes from the West Punjab and the Mirpur stain of Azad Kashmir, but minisculeer groups of Gujarati Muslims from both India and East Africa besides use Urdu for spiritual intents as mentioned on the BBC web site. David Mathews mentioned in his address at the five-day International Urdu Conference held in Islamabad. Urdu is recognized as the 4th multinational linguistic communication in the UK .The version spoken in Britain is to a great extent lace with Punjabi and Mirpuri ( which is apparent in my study ) words and footings. The ground for this is that the bulk of UK occupants who are of Pakistani descent before came from the Mirpur territory in northern Pakistan which is besides following to the Punjab.The Pakistani community is the 2nd largest of the three South Asiatic communities in Britain, with a popul ation estimation of 899,000. Over 92 per cent of Pakistanis in Britain identify themselves as Muslim. Whilst a big proportion of the community is concentrated in London, it is to a greater extent equally scatter across the state than most other Muslim populations, with major(ip) colonies in the Midlands, Yorkshire and the North West.Harmonizing to CILT study 1995 Urdu is the most widely used community linguistic communication in England and 69 local anesthetic instruction governments are offering Urdu instruction.MethodologyMethodology is a image of procedure which can be explained as suggested by( Cohen et Al, 200344 ) , the background of attacks used in educational research to garner informations which are to be used as a footing for intervention and infering, for account and anticipation For the intent of my research I wipe out preferred to expend a study as it can be used to scan a broad field of issues, populations, programmes etc. In rewrite to mensurate or depict any generalized characteristics ( Cohen, 2007206 ) .Harmonizing to Sapsford ( 1999 ) , readying of study involves four different phases of job definition, sample choice, design for measurings and interrelates for participants, therefore I took into the bill to provide all the four phases. The first phase of research involved the pilot study as it is a prior piece of research conducted before a complete study to prove the effectivity of the research methodological analysis . It was decided after the suggestions make by the Curriculum and Professional Mentor to transport out the Pilot survey which was accomplished in December 2009. A study was prepared to determine the chosen informations aggregation method and to derive some preliminary findings. I chose closed complete inquiries for my study as Fink ( 1995 ) urges that they are well-heeled to standardize, and informations gathered from closed term inquiries lend themselves to statistical analysis .For this intent I produced a questionnaire utilizing the likert-scale, multiple pick and ordinal side of closed terminal inquiries which required attention towards trying every bit good as to guarantee that the information on which the sample is establish is comprehensive. The research inquiries for this survey asked how people used Urdu in their day-to-day lives. After the suggestions to the pilot study, the development of the safe study questionnaire was done together with the suggestions made by Stephen Toll ( Email, Appendix2 ) and Professor Itesh Sachdev ( Email, Appendix3 ) to formalize the pilot study questionnaire.In decision, the research result cut me every bit good as the readers with a clearer image of the Urdu s Future as a new-made Language in the UK and will raise motive towards Urdu survey. The observations were made to verify the consequence of the research and proposals were made to increase the motive and popularity among Urdu scholars in the UK.The studies were completed towards the t erminal of the winter term 2010. A sum of 45 questionnaires were sent out to three different schools, one in Lancashire, one in the Midlands and one in West Midlands. Of the 45 studies sent out exclusively 40 responses were received ( 89 % response ) of which 8 were over 16 ( 20 % ) and 32 ( 80 % ) were under 16.Findingss and Analysis skeletal system ( Gender )In footings of gender it is clear the sample is non declarative re set upative of population. Since merely 10 % of that population surveyed were adult fe virile persons. It is apparent that the study needs to be modified and expanded since it is non conformist, i.e. merely 10 % of the surveyed of were female. From formal experiences it is apparent that a big population of females tend to show involvement in linguistic communications than males. So to acquire a more feasible image of the hereafter the study should hold been conducted in two stagesFemalesMalesIt is hence suggested that the present findings will be biased since 90 % of the group were males, who do non be given to demo involvement in linguistic communications study.Figure ( Location )It is besides apparent that a disproportional sum of those surveyed were larning Urdu linguistic communication in a private governance for illustration at a mosque. From these consequences it is clear that due to big figure of males surveyed the consequences are biased. From my ain experiences I find that more misss tended to psychoanalyze Urdu at school than male childs. Therefore, it is clear that of the study was extended a clear image of the figure of male pupils would be obtained.In footings of degree of Urdu being studied 98 % of these persons studied to GCSE degree with merely 2 % traveling farther to analyze A/S degree.Figure ( demoing Education Level )Another factor which needs to be born in head is the age groups surveyed, since the present research took into history merely those analyzing GCSE s ( i.e. 16 ) . This needs to be extended to overwhel m a big figure of stations 16 s. Since this is the group which will take to do great use of the Urdu makings.Figure ( demoing Mother lingua ) handling of Urdu linguistic communication inDaily lives greatness on a graduated table of 1- 5 with 1 is the most and 5 is the least.1234Using it with members of household15 %20 %30 %5 %Using it in the community.0 %5 %40 %15 %Using it for travel. Visiting Pakistan and India.50 %7 %3 %20 %Using it for friendly relationship and societal networking.23 %13 %0 %14 %Reading newspapers, magazines and books in Urdu.10 %10 %20 %20 %Cinema, Television, cyberspace and Radio15 %10 %10 %15 %Figure for non Urdu talkers analyzing Urdu shows a broad scope of nationalties analyzing Urdu linguistic communication. These ranged from linguistic communications of the Indian sub-continent, Africa and Europe.These consequences are really interesting in that they show that the figure of pupils analyzing Urdu came from a assortment of backgrounds, in footings of thei r female parent tongue.It can be inferred that Urdu has same involvement in a assortment of nationalties and this can be extended march on with exposure of the linguistic communication to other backgrounds.Consequences for How do you utilize Urdu linguistic communication in your day-to-day lives?The study asked to depict the usage of Urdu linguistic communication in their day-to-day lives and rank these statements in order of importance on a graduated table of 1- 5.The most interesting and stating set of informations are obtained from the Use of Urdu ( Table 1 ) .From initial review of the information it seems that 50 % of the group surveyed do non give much acceptance to the usage of Urdu. However closer penetration shows some interesting tendencies, these are outlined below65 % of the group uses Urdu in the place, likely due to the fact that the parents and grandparents find it easier to discourse in Urdu kinda than English. Besides the cultural facets of the communications are easy communicated in Urdu than English.From the usage of Urdu in the community it seems that most of the group members seem to give most importance to Urdu in the community. This may be due to the washed-out nature of the study, i.e. 98 % males. From a cultural point of position the male s function in that of staff of life victor so if he is working all twenty-four hours there is small demand for him to utilize the linguistic communication to pass on in a manner as to acquire things done. I believe a more thorough study will demo that when female positions are taken into history this standard will demo different consequences.Traveling tendency will demo the highest usage of Urdu, and so this is the instance. Even here I believe the extension of the study to take on more females will ensue in an even higher figure who use Urdu when traveling.Social networking has a important figure of surveyed groups who use Urdu for pass oning, but it should be born in head that the Urdu used is written in Roman book for on-line communicatingIt is with some unhappiness that we note that usage of Urdu seems to be on the decline in media and amusement.Therefore from an initial expression at the consequences it would look that Urdu is diminution in the UK, but one needs to convey in other factors and deficits in the study to to the full make the province of personal businesss.Figure 5 ( analyzing Urdu as a topic at degree degree )Of the 40 studies completed questionnaires answered 12 % responded substantiatingly to this inquiry whilst 35 % stated that they did non see to analyze Urdu at degree degree and 53 % were diffident to analyze Urdu at degree degree. Figure shows that 35 % of respondents want to analyze Urdu as a individual topic whilst 65 % expressed that they want to analyze Urdu combined with other topics.Survey of the possibility of analyzing Urdu at higher degrees shows that a really big Numberss would manage to analyze Urdu at higher degrees, in some signifier . I believe Urdu as its ain would be selected by really few persons, but when given a pick of holding under as a combined faculty a big figure showed involvement. This ties in with how Urdu can be made more available to the whole community in different country wellness, instruction, societal services etc.Which Urdu authorship book is easy to read and understand?Figure 6 ( Which Urdu composing book is easy to read and understand Traditional/Roman. )An overpowering bulk found Urdu written in Roman book to be easy read and grok, whereas merely 65 % thought that traditional Urdu book was easy to read and understand.DiscussionThe present research has highlighted of import issues sing the hereafter of Urdu as a ML and the hereafter of Urdu in the community. On first glimpse it appears that Urdu is losing its grass root importance. This can be understood if one takes into history the continued changing of the population of the Urdu speech production groups. Obviously the first coevals grou p which give much importance to the Urdu Language since it is the linguistic communication of their family and it is a linguistic communication in which they have had their formal instruction or have grown up being surrounded by the usage of the linguistic communication ( i.e. their formative old ages ) . The 2nd coevals immigrants held on to the usage of Urdu in the place due to strong ties with their relation in the native states. As the immigrant population became educated their usage of Urdu at place and within the networking socialization circles decreased. This sidelining of Urdu has led to many British immigrants of Urdu descent non being able to talk Urdu fluently even within the place. However, initial basis suggests that Urdu still seems to be spoken widely among the male group for grounds of civilization and their functions. Thus Urdu is still being studied in schools but the bulk of the pupils analyzing Urdu are males or pupils in spiritual based schools of Indo-Pakis tani beginnings.From my treatments in schools and the community it is evident that Urdu is once more gaining popularity perchance due to the fact that there are important alterations happening in the provinces of the immigrant population from India/Pakistan. First, there are a big figure of people making old age ( 60+ ) who have to set to a non-nuclear household. There has been a big addition in old people s places lodging Urdu speech production immigrants. By necessity they have to set from populating off from their households which has reverberations for their callings. The aged prefer to pass on in their native linguas, so the wellness callings need to be able to understand and pass on consequently. This evidently means that these professionals who can understand and utilize Urdu can look after this population more efficaciously. This evidently means that the importance of Urdu can be enhanced by aiming persons who work in these countries. Restrictions of the present work of this papers make non let an in depth treatment of all points, but the writer suggests the undermentioned points to heighten Urdu and procure its hereafterHighlight the profusion of Urdu literature.A erratic market of present times can let enterprisers to utilize the assorted chances to spread out disquiet into countries where Urdu is still widely used.NHS will have to provide for a turning population who will necessitate to utilize Urdu to pass on with a group which is now turning and demands health care.Social earthly concern assistance groups need to be ready for the clip when big figure of Urdu talking population will necessitate aided lodging and attention.The importance of higher instruction classs that offer survey of Urdu alongside the major topics. E.g. Medicine with Urdu, Pharmacy with Urdu, Dentistry with Urdu, Nursing with Urdu, Healthcare with Urdu etc.Evaluation and Implications for PracticeThis subdivision deals with the significance of chief findings of this survey fo r the writer every bit good as for others and, how the findings relate to the literature cited in the subdivision of Literature check up on . Actually the chief focal point of this survey was to look into the hereafter of Urdu as a Modern Language in the UK. The use of Urdu by British Borns Asians in their everyday affairs of day-to-day life was besides investigated and there was some focal point on to happen out their penchants of larning Urdu. The chief findings present a clear image of the hereafter of Urdu non merely for the writer but besides for future research workers carry oning some survey in this country. Harmonizing to this survey, the hereafter of Urdu in this state is really bright and use of Urdu may be enhanced with some schemes suggested in the subdivision of Recommendations as, informations show considerable thirst for larning Urdu whether it capacity be as a individual topic or as a combined topic. In add-on to it, a big figure of participants desired to larn U rdu at higher degrees besides. The point of position may be supported by the mention quoted earlier in the subdivision of Literature Review which describes CILT study 1995. Harmonizing to the study, Urdu is the most widely used community linguistic communication in England and 69 local instruction governments are offering Urdu instruction. So, Urdu still seems to be an of import linguistic communication in this state. evidential first coevals Urdu talkers are still alive and are working, still necessitating wellness and societal attention advice. They will stop up in old people s places due to alterations happening in the atomic household in the UK. Where you need childs to look after them in footings of nurses and callings ( people around them ) and those childs essential be equipped with Urdu linguistic communication to make a comfy ambiance. Therefore, it may besides be easy concluded acording to Community linguistic communications in higher instruction study 2008, Urdu is top of the chart and it is most widely spoken community linguistic communication in the UK .Beginning Community languages in higher instruction study 2008, p11.In add-on to it there is found a positive attitude of childs towards Urdu acquisition and use. The writer s ego created figure below shows the attitudes towards larning the Urdu linguistic communication in the UK. There are three interior thrusts which motivate the British scholars to analyze Urdu. Interest in the Urdu is due to its rich history and literature. Interest leads towards ability and ability brings good calling chances.Inner Drivers towards analyzing UrduInterestAbilityCareerThere will be some external biass besides which may play a critical function towards Urdu acquisition. Parents are the first point of contact or communicating and if they speak the linguistic communication at place, scholars will mechanically pick up the linguistic communication. Parents besides can raise and heighten motive towards Urdu survey . Teachers besides influence the scholars and media besides plays an of import function to larn and do any linguistic communication popular. The writer s higher up mentioned point of position is described in the ego created figure belowStill there seems some demand to heighten the involvement of immature coevals towards Urdu acquisition. If immature coevals appears non to pay any serious attending to the Urdu linguistic communication, it is due to miss of involvement and chances they do non cognize, Urdu has a wealth of literature and has produced great bookmans.External Influences towards UrduSurveyFamilyTeachersMediaUrdu has fantastic poesy, Novel, Fiction and Prose. So, the procedure of larning Urdu may take topographic point in educational establishments. Here is the writer s ego created figure which shows the function of school, instructor and schoolroom in the acquisition of Urdu linguistic communication.SchoolSchool LeadershipInterest in LanguagesRelationship with communityM otivational EnvironmentTeachersTeacher Academic Skills training MethodologyTeacher ExperienceProfessional DevelopmentClassroomsCourse ContentTeaching methodTechnologyClass surfaceResourcesStudent Learning of Urdu LanguageIn the visible radiation of above mentioned rating and deduction for patterns, there is a demand to do Urdu the linguistic communication of employment and professionalism. There is besides a demand to present higher instruction classs in Urdu combined with Historical Studies, Language and Linguistics, Film Studies, Philosophy and Religious Studies, Literary Studies and Drama and Sciences and Psychology, every bit good as medical professions and wellness and societal attention. In the visible radiation of above mentioned worlds, the survey may be declared really successful holding a considerable value for the writer every bit good as for others interested in the country to pull some decisions about the hereafter of Urdu in the UK. The worth may be due to some ground s in which the major ground describes a singular figure of childs holding Urdu as their female parent lingua and their motive towards Urdu larning even at their degree degree. The survey is precisely harmonizing to the outlooks of the writer and frights of the caput instructor and the writer about the worsening state of affairs of Urdu proven non to be true. However there is need to supply chances to immature coevals to larn Urdu. The writer was much focused during survey as the study was of personal involvement of the writer and so, concentration and focal point remained mark oriented holding no asides.This survey seems projecting really important influences on the writer as, now the writer is much determined to use such techniques while learning in schoolroom which may be more and more utile to make involvement for pupils in Urdu acquisition. Equipped with the overpowering tendencies for Urdu acquisition, the writer may make and heighten gustatorial sensation for Urdu larning bet ter than earlier in schoolroom and therefore may lend to do Urdu a life linguistic communication in the UK.DecisionThe hereafter of Urdu is rather bright in the UK and it s proved by my study. Majority of peoples took portion in the study considered Urdu as an of import linguistic communication. They think it s of import for communicating with parents, for interaction with community and for being able to talk Urdu during going figure of states where you can travel to is rather big.The importance of Urdu can be farther enhanced by developing classs which combine the Urdu linguistic communication. The female parent lingua plays a really of import function in find out the hereafter of a kid. Determining the hereafter of the Urdu linguistic communication is in the custodies of the parents. If they realize this most of import responsibility and seed the seeds of the female parent lingua in the childhood old ages, the hereafter of the Urdu linguistic communication takes a promising form . The responsibility for continuing Urdu in UK falls onto the shoulders of parents, community, and bing pedagogues.As Gopi Chand Narang justly said in his address during International Urdu conference 2005, held in Islamabad ( Pakistan ) Urdu is a functional linguistic communication and functional linguistic communications do non decease. Urdu yesteryear was glorious, its present is safe and its hereafter assured. Urdu is unstoppable scarcely because this is the linguistic communication that quenches society s cultural thirst. RecommendationsOn the footing of this survey and study, I would urge the chaseThe demand to develop an institute of Urdu research in UK. ( For employment and CPD ) .To heighten and foreground Urdu learning programmes for British Asiatic scholars through native British Urdu examples through wireless or cyberspace.The usage of non-commercial broadcast specialty targeted to all and will heighten motive among Urdu scholars.Bilingualism is going progressively of import for economic invention and growing. Urdu concern classs should be introduced in schools and colleges.Train Urdu Language Teachers utilizing the cyberspace and ICT.E-Learning instructor preparation Courses should be launched in the UK.To carry through the hereafter of Urdu in the epoch of Computer engineering, there is a demand to run and present in particular designed programmes to provide mundane life in Urdu and to do Urdu a linguistic communication of the cyberspace.To affiliate Urdu to the up-to-date research and use of Urdu to the modern information and communicating engineerings in instruction and concerns.To present Degree, Master, M.Phil and Ph.D makings in Urdu with other topics.To heighten Urdu popularity Urdu books should be readily available in Roman Urdu and Traditional Urdu composing books.